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Factores de riesgo para el Síndrome de Estrés Tibial Medial asociados a la cinética del countermovement jump en cadetes en formación

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dc.contributorArgothy Bucheli, Rodrigo Esteban
dc.contributorAedo Muñoz, Esteban
dc.contributorCohen, Daniel Dylan
dc.contributor.advisorCubides Amezquita, Jenner Rodrigo
dc.creatorMalaver Moreno, Jonathan Rodrigo
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en actividad física y saludspa
dc.creator.degreetypeFull timespa
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-09T12:30:57Z
dc.date.available2019-07-09T12:30:57Z
dc.date.created2019-04-23
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionEl Síndrome de Estrés Tibial Medial (SETM) es una de las patologías más reportadas e incapacitantes en el personal militar. Debido a que los músculos de la extremidad inferior desempeñan una labor importante en la atenuación de las fuerzas de impacto al correr y aterrizar, la deficiencia y las asimetrías en la función neuromuscular, se asocian con un mayor riesgo de presentar lesiones musculoesqueléticas (LME). OBJETIVO: determinar los factores de riesgo para el SETM asociados a la cinética del countermovement jump (CMJ) en cadetes en formación. METODOLOGIA: una cohorte de 164 cadetes de primer semestre fue seguida prospectivamente durante 24 semanas. Al inicio de la investigación, se registraron los datos antropométricos y demográficos de los participantes, y, se les interrogo acerca de algunos de sus hábitos de vida y antecedentes en el uso de material ortopédico, lesiones en los miembros inferiores y SETM. La altura del salto (cm), la tasa de desarrollo de la fuerza en la desaceleración excéntrica (EDRFD [N/s*kg]), la asimetría de la EDRFD (% y %/VN), la fuerza concéntrica media (CMF [N*kg]), la asimetría de la CMF (% y %/VN), la fuerza pico en el aterrizaje (PLF [N*kg]), y la asimetría de la PLF (% y %/VN), se evaluaron a través del CMJ bilateral con un par de plataformas de fuerza uniaxial. Finalizado el seguimiento, se identificaron los cadetes que presentaron SETM mediante la historia clínica. RESULTADOS: al final del estudio quedaron 91 hombres y 32 mujeres (n= 123). La incidencia del SETM fue de 13% (n= 16). En el análisis bivariado, una mayor asimetría de la EDRFD (9,4% vs. -3,4%), el sexo femenino (RR= 2,84; IC 95%= 1,16-6,94), la procedencia rural (RR= 2,65; IC 95%= 1,04-6,72) y el antecedente de SETM (RR= 5,71; IC 95%= 2,23-14,62), se asociaron de forma significativa con el SETM (p≤0.05). En la regresión logística, una mayor asimetría de la EDRFD (OR= 1,03; IC 95%= 1,00-1,07), el sexo femenino (OR= 4,91; IC 95%= 1,38-13,37) y la procedencia rural (OR= 4,82; IC 95%= 1,04-6,72), se asociaron de forma significativa con el SETM (p≤0,05). El antecedente de SETM fue significativo en p≤0,1 (OR= 8,95; IC 95%= 0,68-118,73). El modelo predictivo fue significativo para el SETM (p≤0,01), tuvo una sensibilidad del 31,3% y una especificidad del 99,1% (pronostico global del 90,2%). CONCLUSIONES: el sexo femenino, la procedencia rural, el antecedente de SETM y una gran asimetría en la EDRFD son importantes factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del SETM. Estos hallazgos permitirán hacer una mejor predicción del SETM en el personal militar, siendo especialmente útiles para la clasificación del riesgo y la implementación de un programa de prevención primaria dirigido a los cadetes que inician su formación militar.spa
dc.description.abstractMedial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most frequent pathologies in military personnel. As the muscles of the lower extremity contribute to the attenuation of impact forces in activities such as running and jumping, neuromuscular performance deficiencies and asymmetries may be associated with an increased risk for musculoskeletal injuries. PURPOSE: to determine the kinetic risk factors associated with MTSS through the bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) in army cadets. METHODS: ethical approval was granted by the General José María Córdova Military School of Cadets where the study was conducted. This observational study was executed in a cohort of 123 cadets (followed for 24 weeks) who entered to the military school in 2017. Anthropometric, demographic data and MTSS history were recorded. Jump height (cm), peak landing force (N*kg), peak landing force asymmetry (%), concentric mean force (N*kg), concentric mean force asymmetry (%), eccentric deceleration rate of force development (EDRFD [N/s*Kg]) and EDRFD asymmetry (%), were evaluated through the bilateral CMJ on a pair of uniaxial force platforms. After the follow-up, the cadets with MTSS were determined through the clinical history. RESULTS: the incidence of MTSS was 13% (n= 16). Greater EDRFD asymmetry (9,4% vs. -3,4%), female sex (RR= 2.84; 95% CI= 1.16-6.94), rural provenance (RR= 2.65; 95% CI= 1.04-6.72), and previous history of MTSSM (RR= 5.71; 95% CI= 2.23-14.62), were significantly associated with MTSS (p≤0.05). In the logistic regression, greater EDRFD asymmetry (OR= 1.03; 95% CI= 1.00-1.07), female sex (OR= 4.91; 95% CI = 1.38-13.37) and rural provenance (OR= 4.82; 95% CI= 1.04-6.72), were significantly associated with MTSS (p≤0.05). Previous history of MTSS was significant in p≤0.1 (OR= 8.95; 95% CI= 0.68-118.73). The predictive model was significant for the MTSS (p≤0.01), had a sensitivity of 31.3% and a specificity of 99.1% (overall prognosis of 90.2%). CONCLUSIONS: while we identified important non-modifiable risk factors for MTSS in cadets during basic training, we also found that greater EDRFD asymmetry was a significant risk factor. This suggests that the bilateral CMJ may be a useful tool for pre-entry screening and that high EDRFD asymmetry could be a potential target of pre-basic training risk reduction conditioning.spa
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dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad del Rosariospa
dc.description.sponsorshipEscuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdovaspa
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dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_19914
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/19914
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosariospa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Actividad Física y Saludspa
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosariospa
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURspa
dc.subjectPersonal militarspa
dc.subjectFenómenos biomecánicosspa
dc.subjectCinéticaspa
dc.subjectSalto en contramovimientospa
dc.subject.ddcVarias ramas de la medicina, Cirugíaspa
dc.subject.keywordRisk factorsspa
dc.subject.keywordMilitary personnelspa
dc.subject.keywordMedial tibial stress syndromespa
dc.subject.keywordBiomechanical phenomenaspa
dc.subject.keywordKineticsspa
dc.subject.keywordCountermovement jumpspa
dc.subject.lembSíndrome de estrés medial de la tibiaspa
dc.subject.lembExtremidades inferioresspa
dc.subject.lembMilitaresspa
dc.subject.lembFactores de riesgospa
dc.subject.lembBiomecánicaspa
dc.titleFactores de riesgo para el Síndrome de Estrés Tibial Medial asociados a la cinética del countermovement jump en cadetes en formaciónspa
dc.typemasterThesiseng
dc.type.documentArtículospa
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaTesis de maestríaspa
local.department.reportEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Saludspa
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