TY - BOOK AU - Arreaza, A TI - Las barreras del crecimiento de América Latina PY - 2017 DA - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Awokuse, Titus O TI - Trade openness and economic growth: is growth export-led or import-led? T2 - Appl. Econ. VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 161-173 PY - 2008 DA - 2008/1 PB - Informa UK Limited AB - Most previous investigations have only focused on the effect of export expansion on economic growth while ignoring the potential growth-enhancing contribution of imports. This article re-examines the relationship between trade and economic growth in Argentina, Colombia, and Peru with emphasis on both the role of exports and imports. Granger causality tests and impulse response functions were used to examine whether growth in trade stimulate economic growth (or vice versa). The results suggest that the singular focus of past studies on exports as the engine of growth may be misleading. Although there is some empirical evidence supporting export-led growth, the empirical support for import-led growth hypothesis is relatively stronger. In some cases, there is also evidence for reverse causality from gross domestic product growth to exports and imports. SN - 0003-6846 DO - 10.1080/00036840600749490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840600749490 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cardoza, Guillermo AU - Fornes, Gaston AU - Farber, Vanina AU - Gonzalez Duarte, Roberto AU - Ruiz Gutierrez, Jaime TI - Barriers and public policies affecting the international expansion of Latin American SMEs: Evidence from Brazil, Colombia, and Peru T2 - J. Bus. Res. VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 2030-2039 PY - 2016 DA - 2016/6 PB - Elsevier BV AB - The paper aims to improve the understanding of the determinants of the international expansion of Latin American SMEs. To do this, it adopts an institution theory perspective to study the interaction between public policies and other drivers of SMEs' expansion in four main areas: access to public financial resources; access to public procurement contracts; adverse regulatory and inconsistent legal frameworks; and public assistance on information and knowledge about markets. We collected the data from 465 SMEs in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru and analysed it using multivariate regressions; the findings have implications for theory, practice, and policy making. The results suggest that Latin American SMEs belonging to larger institutions (like business groups) seem to be in a stronger position to expand internationally. In addition, they show that SMEs perceive difficulties/barriers for their international expansion, mainly in dealing with domestic regulations in the domestic economic environment, and in poor information about external markets. Also, the findings indicate that having the government as a customer has proved to be a facilitator for the firms to expand internationally. All in all, the findings of the paper enrich the debate on the impact of institutions, and in particular of public policies, on the international expansion of SMEs from emerging and transition economies by analysing the role of governments' policies and strategies intended to support the international expansion of firms and questioning their mid- to long-term impact. SN - 0148-2963 DO - 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cavallo, Angelo AU - Ghezzi, Antonio AU - Ruales Guzmán, Bertha Viviana TI - Driving internationalization through business model innovation T2 - Multinational Bus. Rev. VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 201-220 PY - 2019 DA - 2019/7/26 PB - Emerald AB - Purpose This paper aims to investigate how a firm may innovate its business model to internationalize. Design/methodology/approach Owing to its novelty and to the depth of the investigation required to grasp the mechanisms and logics of business model innovation aiming at internationalization, a single case study has been performed related to a company located in North-Western Colombia. Findings The study provides detailed empirical evidences over the mutual connection and complementarities among value mechanisms of business models. Moreover, this study suggests that BMI fosters internationalization to scale, which, in turn, will require additional changes to match new customer needs as they emerge. Also, the study shows an extension of the action–space of lean startup approaches, intended as scientific approaches to international entrepreneurship. Originality/value This study connects business model innovation and internationalization as few studies have done before. SN - 1525-383X DO - 10.1108/mbr-11-2018-0087 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-11-2018-0087 ER - TY - ELEC Y2 - 2022/12/23 M1 - 2022/12/23 UR - https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/37538/Boletín ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clerides, S K AU - Lach, S AU - Tybout, J R TI - Is learning by exporting important? Micro-dynamic evidence from Colombia, Mexico, and morocco T2 - Q. J. Econ. VL - 113 IS - 3 SP - 903-947 PY - 1998 DA - 1998/8/1 PB - Oxford University Press (OUP) AB - Do firms become more efficient after becoming exporters? Do exporters generate positive externalities for domestically oriented producers? In this paper we tackle these questions by analyzing the causal links between exporting and productivity using plant-level data. We look for evidence that firms' cost processes change after they break into foreign markets. We find that relatively efficient firms become exporters; however, in most industries, firms' costs are not affected by previous exporting activities. So the well-documented positive association between exporting and efficiency is explained by the self-selection of the more efficient firms into the export market. We also find some evidence of positive regional externalities. SN - 0033-5533 DO - 10.1162/003355398555784 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355398555784 ER - TY - ELEC Y2 - 2022/12/23 M1 - 2022/12/23 UR - https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2021/06/index.htm ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crespi, Gustavo AU - Zuniga, Pluvia TI - Innovation and productivity: Evidence from six Latin American countries T2 - World Dev. VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 273-290 PY - 2012 DA - 2012/2 PB - Elsevier BV AB - This study examines the determinants of technological innovation and its impact on firm labor productivity across Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, and Uruguay) using micro data from innovation surveys. In line with the literature, in all countries firms that invest in knowledge are more able to introduce new technological advances and those that innovate have greater labor productivity than those that do not. Yet firm-level determinants of innovation investment are much more heterogeneous than in OECD countries. Cooperation, foreign ownership, and exporting increase the propensity to invest in innovation activities and encourage innovation investment in only half of the countries studied. Scientific and market sources of information have little or no impact on firm innovation efforts, which illustrates the weak linkages that characterize national innovation systems in those countries. The results in terms of productivity, however, highlight the importance of innovation in enabling firms to improve economic performance and catch up. SN - 0305-750X DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.010 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Definición Tamaño Empresarial Micro, Pequeña, Mediana o Grande Y2 - 2022/12/23 M1 - 2022/12/23 UR - https://www.mipymes.gov.co/temas-de-interes/definicion-tamano-empresarial-micro-pequena-median ER - TY - JOUR AU - Duranton, Gilles TI - Roads and trade in Colombia T2 - Econ. Transp. VL - 4 IS - 1-2 SP - 16-36 PY - 2015 DA - 2015/3 PB - Elsevier BV AB - I estimate the effect of major roads within and between cities on the level and composition of trade for Colombian cities. I confirm that road distance between cities is a major impediment to trade. In addition, major roads within cities have a large effect on a city׳s exports and imports with an elasticity of approximately 0.20 estimated with ols and up to 0.50 with iv. If anything, the effects are stronger for the value than for the weight of exports. I interpret these results as city roads shifting economic activity in cities towards the production of tradable and somewhat lighter goods. SN - 2212-0122 DO - 10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.003 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.003 ER - TY - ELEC AU - AglsAgent, Scheme=aglsterms TI - Economic growth Y2 - 2022/12/23 AB - This series provides short, concise explanations for various economics topics. M1 - 2022/12/23 UR - https://www.rba.gov.au/education/resources/explainers/economic-growth.html ER - TY - ELEC Y2 - 2022/12/23 M1 - 2022/12/23 UR - https://www.acofi.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/DOC_PE_Conceptos_Innovacion.pdf ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gil-Barragan, Juan M AU - Belso-Martínez, José A AU - Mas-Verdú, Francisco TI - When do domestic networks cause accelerated internationalization under different decision-making logic? T2 - Eur. Bus. Rev. VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 227-256 PY - 2020 DA - 2020/1/2 PB - Emerald AB - Purpose Given the unresolved question about which causal conditions contribute to accelerated internationalization among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from weak institutional environment, this paper aims to combine theoretically relevant antecedents of domestic networks relationships (weak or strong domestic ties) and decision-making logic (effectuation or causation) to explore the configurations that are the most promising for explaining accelerated internationalization. Design/methodology/approach This study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the accelerated internationalization of 33 contrarian cases of SMEs located in weak institutional environment. The data set has been collected through in-depth interviews with managers in Colombia (21 cases) and Peru (12 cases). Building on the findings, an integrative model for accelerated internationalization is presented. Findings The authors found that the combination of weak domestic ties and effectuation logic accelerated the internationalization of SMEs with fewer resource constraints. In contrast, strong domestic ties and causation behavior lead to accelerated internationalization of SMEs with greater resource constraints. They propose a model to help enrich the existing literature about the causal configurations for achieving accelerated internationalization in SMEs from weak institutional environment. Originality/value The contribution of this study is to provide empirical evidence to address three shortcomings in the literature. First, the mixed results regarding the impact of strong and weak domestic ties and decision-making logic in the accelerated internationalization of SMEs; second, the limited research on domestic networks; and third, the scarce investigation in weak institutional environment, where the emphasis on constrained resources is higher. SN - 0955-534X DO - 10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0191 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gonzalez-Perez, Maria Alejandra AU - Manotas, Eva Cristina AU - Ciravegna, Luciano TI - International SMEs from emerging markets—Insights from the Colombian textile and apparel industry T2 - J. Int. Entrep.. VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 9-31 PY - 2016 DA - 2016/3 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC SN - 1570-7385 DO - 10.1007/s10843-016-0170-3 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-016-0170-3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hallak, Juan Carlos AU - Sivadasan, Jagadeesh TI - Product and process productivity: Implications for quality choice and conditional exporter premia T2 - J. Int. Econ. VL - 91 IS - 1 SP - 53-67 PY - 2013 DA - 2013/9 PB - Elsevier BV AB - We develop a model of international trade with two dimensions of firm heterogeneity. The first dimension is “process productivity”, which is how we denote the standard concept of productivity as modeled in the literature. The second one is “product productivity”, defined as firms' ability to develop high-quality products spending small fixed outlays. The distinction between these two sources of productivity, together with the assumption that iceberg trade costs decrease with quality, delivers various conditional exporter premia as theoretical predictions. Conditional on size, exporters sell higher quality products, charge higher prices, pay higher input prices and higher wages, and use capital more intensively. Some of these predictions had already been documented in the empirical literature but lacked a theoretical framework for properly interpreting them. We conduct systematic tests of these predictions using manufacturing establishment data for India, the U.S., Chile, and Colombia, and find strong support for the model. SN - 0022-1996 DO - 10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.05.001 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.05.001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herrera-Echeverri, Hernán AU - Geleilate, Jose Galli AU - Gaitan-Riaño, Sandra AU - Haar, Jerry AU - Soto-Echeverry, Nidia TI - Export behavior and board independence in Colombian family firms: The reverse causality relationship T2 - J. Bus. Res. VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 2018-2029 PY - 2016 DA - 2016/6 PB - Elsevier BV AB - In the context of greater market liberalization in Latin America, one issue that merits greater attention for empirical investigation is the international expansion of family-owned business. Specifically, the relationship between export behavior, family control and board composition in the Latin American context is absent in the literature. Using a large and unique database from Colombian firms (33,249 firms in the period of 2008 to 2013), one may find insightful information on the determinants of export behavior of family firms in emerging markets. Our empirical test confirms an endogenous relation between boards' composition (specifically the presence of independent members) and export behavior in family firms. Firms with a higher participation of independent board members are more likely to exhibit higher levels of exports. A “virtuous cycle” was also detected whereby the introduction of independent members on the board can be expected to boost export behavior, which in turn will encourage the increase of independent members on the board of private firms. SN - 0148-2963 DO - 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.147 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karp, Larry S AU - Perloff, Jeffrey M AD - Department of Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley TI - A dynamic model of oligopoly in the coffee export market T2 - Am. J. Agric. Econ. VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 448-457 PY - 1993 DA - 1993/5 PB - Wiley AB - A linear-quadratic, dynamic feedback oligopoly model that nests various market structures is used to estimate the degree of competitiveness and the adjustment paths of the two largest coffee exporters, Brazil and Colombia. Their estimated behavior is relatively competitive. This subgame perfect dynamic model is-compared to a standard static oligopoly model and the open-loop model (the dynamic generalization of the standard static model). Both classical and Bayesian tests of open-loop and feedback dynamic models are reported. SN - 0002-9092 DO - 10.2307/1242929 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242929 ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Melo, Jaime AU - Robinson, Sherman TI - The impact of trade policies on income distribution in a planning model for Colombia T2 - J. Policy Model. VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 81-100 PY - 1980 DA - 1980/1 PB - Elsevier BV AB - This paper develops a multisector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the effects of trade on the distribution of income among socioeconomic groups defined both by the factors of production they own and the sector in which they work. The categorization of recipients includes landless rural labor, land owners, workers in the urban traditional sector, and workers in the organized sector and capitalists. Experiments are conducted with an application to Columbia, a primary-exporting economy. The results indicate that, for such an economy, outward-looking policies with increased primary exports are likely to be more detrimental for the distribution of income in the medium term than inward-looking ones. SN - 0161-8938 DO - 10.1016/0161-8938(80)90019-8 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-8938(80)90019-8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pino, Cesar AU - Felzensztein, Christian AU - Zwerg-Villegas, Anne Marie AU - Arias-Bolzmann, Leopoldo TI - Non-technological innovations: Market performance of exporting firms in South America T2 - J. Bus. Res. VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 4385-4393 PY - 2016 DA - 2016/10 PB - Elsevier BV AB - Innovation plays a key role in the economic growth of companies, sectors, and countries, sparking widespread interest in innovation research. Based on innovation literature, the present research seeks to validate the influence of innovation on the performance of exporting firms in emerging economies. This study contributes to research in the field of strategic innovation management and to practice in the design of public policy and exporting firm strategy, especially in emerging economies such as those in Latin America.The authors analyze the effects of organizational and marketing innovations (non-technological innovations) on the market performance of exporting firms through data collected in firms in fast growing South American emerging economies—Colombia, Peru, and Chile—with a final sample of 299 completed surveys and test hypotheses with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that organizational innovations (new or improved organizational methods) have more influence on market performance than marketing innovations. These findings confirm the importance of innovative performance as a mediator between organizational innovation and market performance. SN - 0148-2963 DO - 10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.061 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.061 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Timoshenko, Olga A TI - Learning versus sunk costs explanations of export persistence T2 - Eur. Econ. Rev. VL - 79 SP - 113-128 PY - 2015 DA - 2015/10 PB - Elsevier BV AB - This paper explores the role of sunk costs versus learning in explaining persistence in exporting. Multiple studies attributed such persistence to sunk market-entry costs. This paper shows that similar patterns of exporting are also consistent with a learning mechanism and finds a strong empirical support for such a mechanism in the context of Colombian plant-level data. Second, the paper empirically discriminates between the two competing theories, and finds that once learning is controlled for, the role of sunk costs in generating export persistence is at most forty percent of what is currently estimated in the literature. Finally, while in differentiated-products industries export persistence arises primarily due to learning, in the homogeneous-products industries such persistence arises primarily due to the sunk-cost mechanism. SN - 0014-2921 DO - 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.02.006 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.02.006 ER -