TY - BOOK AU - Steele, Abbey TI - Democracy and Displacement in Colombia's Civil War PY - 2017 DA - 2017 PB - Cornell University Press AB - "Democracy and Displacement in Colombia's Civil Waroffers novel and important research on how and why violence is deployed during civil wars."-Winifred Tate, author ofDrugs, Thugs and Diplomats"Democracy and Displacement in Colombia's Civil Warhas all of the hallmarks of a classic work on forced migration and Colombian politics. It is a pleasure to read, well argued, and carefully researched."-Idean Salehyan, author ofRebels without BordersDemocracy and Displacement in Colombia's Civil Waris one of few books available in English to provide an overview of the Colombian civil war and drug war. Abbey Steele draws on her own original field research as well as on Colombian scholars' work in Spanish to provide an expansive view of the country's political conflicts. Steele shows how political reforms in the context of Colombia's ongoing civil war produced unexpected, dramatic consequences: democratic elections revealed Colombian citizens' political loyalties and allowed counterinsurgent armed groups to implement political cleansing against civilians perceived as loyal to insurgents.Combining evidence collected from remote archives, more than two hundred interviews, and quantitative data from the government's displacement registry, Steele connects Colombia's political development and the course of its civil war to purposeful displacement. By introducing the concepts of collective targeting and political cleansing, Steele extends what we already know about patterns of ethnic cleansing to cases where expulsion of civilians from their communities is based on nonethnic traits. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1w1vjrv ER - TY - MISC AU - Arjona, Ana TI - Rebelocracy : social order in the colombian civil war ET - First edition. PY - 2017 DA - 2017 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ; KW - Conflicto armado -- Colombia ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaitman, Laura AU - Caprirolo, Dino AU - Ochoa, Rogelio Granguillhome AU - Keefer, Philip AU - Leggett, Ted AU - Lewis, James Andrew AU - Mejía-Guerra, José Antonio AU - Mello, Marcela AU - Sutton, Heather AU - Torres, Iván AU - al., Et TI - The Costs of Crime and Violence: New Evidence and Insights in Latin America and the Caribbean PY - 2017 DA - 2017 DO - 10.18235/0000615 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000615 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steele, Abbey TI - Seeking Safety: Avoiding Displacement and Choosing Destinations in Civil Wars T2 - Journal of Peace Research - J PEACE RES VL - 46 SP - 419-429 PY - 2009 DA - 2009 DO - 10.1177/0022343309102660 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343309102660 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eck, Kristine AU - Hultman, Lisa TI - One-Sided Violence Against Civilians in War Insights From New Fatality Data T2 - Journal of Peace Research - J PEACE RES VL - 44 SP - 233-246 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 DO - 10.1177/0022343307075124 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343307075124 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziemke, Jen TI - Kalyvas, Stathis N., 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War T2 - Journal of Peace Research - J PEACE RES VL - 44 SP - 249-249 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 DO - 10.1177/00223433070440020707 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433070440020707 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Somos Defensores TI - La ceguera, informe anual 2019 PY - 2020 DA - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mejía, Daniel AU - Restrepo, Pascual TI - Bushes and Bullets: Illegal Cocaine Markets and Violence in Colombia T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2013 DA - 2013 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.2353979 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2353979 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prem, Mounu AU - Rivera, Andrrs AU - Romero, Dario AU - Vargas, Juan F TI - Killing Social Leaders for Territorial Control: The Unintended Consequences of Peace T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2018 DA - 2018 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3203065 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203065 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rubio, Gabriela TI - ¿Fin de la guerra, fin de la violencia? Evidencia del Acuerdo de Paz y homicidios en Colombia (End of War, End of Violence? Evidence from the Peace Agreement and Homicides in Colombia) T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2020 DA - 2020 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3648275 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3648275 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dube, Oeindrila AU - Vargas, Juan F TI - Commodity Price Shocks and Civil Conflict: Evidence from Colombia T2 - Review of Economic Studies VL - 80 PY - 2008 DA - 2008 DO - 10.1093/restud/rdt009 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Llanes, Lucas TI - Unintended Consequences of Alternative Development Programs: Evidence From Colombia's Illegal Crop Substitution T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2020 DA - 2020 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3706297 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3706297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weibull, Jörgen AU - Villa, Edgar TI - Crime, punishment and social norms T2 - Stockholm School of Economics, Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance PY - 2005 DA - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blanco, Luisa TI - The impact of crime on trust in institutions in Mexico T2 - European Journal of Political Economy VL - 32 SP - 38–55 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.004 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - United Nations Office on Drugs Crime TI - World drug report 2020 T2 - United Nations publication VL - Sales No. E.20.XI.6 PY - 2020 DA - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mejia, Daniel AU - Prem, Mounu AU - Vargas, Juan F TI - The Rise and Persistence of Illegal Crops: Evidence from a Naive Policy Announcement T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2019 DA - 2019 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3467619 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3467619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Imai, Kosuke AU - Kim, In TI - On the Use of Two-Way Fixed Effects Regression Models for Causal Inference with Panel Data T2 - Political Analysis SP - 1-11 PY - 2020 DA - 2020 DO - 10.1017/pan.2020.33 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2020.33 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chaisemartin, Clément AU - D'Haultfœuille, Xavier TI - Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects T2 - American Economic Review VL - 110 SP - 2964-2996 PY - 2020 DA - 2020 DO - 10.1257/aer.20181169 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181169 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goodman-Bacon, Andrew TI - Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing T2 - Journal of Econometrics VL - 225 PY - 2021 DA - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014 ER - TY - MISC AU - Borusyak, Kirill AU - Jaravel, Xavier AU - Spiess, Jann TI - Revisiting Event Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation PY - 2021 DA - 2021 PB - arXiv DO - 10.48550/ARXIV.2108.12419 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12419 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2108.12419 KW - Econometrics (econ.EM), FOS: Economics and business, FOS: Economics and business ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reyes, Luis TI - Estimating the Causal Effect of Forced Eradication on Coca Cultivation in Colombian Municipalities T2 - World Development VL - 61 IS - C SP - 70-84 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 AB - Colombia has aggressively pursued forced coca eradication to reduce the amount of land that agricultural households devote to illegal crops. However, few rigorous empirical studies have assessed its causal effect on land allocation decisions. I use a 6-year panel covering the entire country for the years 2001–06 to estimate this effect. I instrument eradication with changes in the expected cost of protecting eradication crews as they get far from the airports used as a point of departure. Estimates show the causal effect of a 1% increase in eradication to be approximately a 1% increase in coca cultivation. UR - https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:61:y:2014:i:c:p:70-84 KW - agricultural households KW - cocaine KW - Colombia KW - illegal crops ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ladino, Juan Felipe AU - Saavedra, Santiago AU - Wiesner, Daniel TI - One step ahead of the law: The net effect of anticipation and implementation of Colombia’s illegal crops substitution program T2 - Journal of Public Economics VL - 202 IS - C PY - 2021 DA - 2021 AB - Pre-announced policies often generate unintended consequences due to individuals’ acting to take advantage of the policy conditions. Little is known about the extent to which unintended consequences from the early announcement of a policy can be larger than the implementation effect, especially in contexts of weak state capacity. We use detailed 1 km grid square data on coca cultivation to estimate the net effect of the announcement and implementation of coca crop substitution payments in Colombia. Our fine-grain data also enable us to estimate geographical spillovers of the program to non-targeted neighboring areas. Using a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, we find that program recipients reduced coca acreage. Surprisingly, the reduction in neighboring grid areas is of a similar magnitude. However, the effectiveness was reduced by half, because farmers increased coca cultivation in order to be eligible for the program after the announcement and before implementation. But the policy’s net effect is negative: due to weak state capacity, the program could not be implemented in every region of the country. DO - 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.10 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/pubeco/v202y2021ics0047272721001341.html UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.10 KW - Policy announcement KW - Unintended consequences KW - Illegal markets KW - Coca KW - Colombia ER - TY - JOUR AU - Angrist, Joshua AU - Kugler, Adriana TI - Rural Windfall or a New Resource Curse? Coca, Income, and Civil Conflict in Colombia T2 - The Review of Economics and Statistics VL - 90 SP - 191-215 PY - 2008 DA - 2008 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.987501 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.987501 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lopez, Monica AU - Núñez, Carlos AU - Medina, Oscar AU - Zuleta, Hernando TI - Proceso De Paz Con Las Farc Y Cultivos De Coca En El Período 2013-2017 (Peace Process with the FARC and Coca Crops in the Period 2013-2017) T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2019 DA - 2019 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3449221 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3449221 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moreno-Sánchez, Rocío AU - Kraybill, David AU - Thompson, Stanley TI - An Econometric Analysis of Coca Eradication Policy in Colombia T2 - World Development VL - 31 SP - 375-383 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00192-4 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00192-4 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cunningham, Scott TI - Causal Inference: The Mixtape PY - 2021 DA - 2021 Y2 - 2022/5/9 PB - Yale University Press AB - An accessible and contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the social sciences Causal inference encompasses the tools that allow social scientists to determine what causes what. Economists-who generally can't run controlled experiments to test and validate their hypotheses-apply these tools to observational data to make connections. In a messy world, causal inference is what helps establish the causes and effects of the actions being studied, whether the impact (or lack thereof) of increases in the minimum wage on employment, the effects of early childhood education on incarceration later in life, or the introduction of malaria nets in developing regions on economic growth. Scott Cunningham introduces students and practitioners to the methods necessary to arrive at meaningful answers to the questions of causation, using a range of modeling techniques and coding instructions for both the R and Stata programming languages. SN - 9780300251685 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1c29t27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Callaway, Brantly AU - Sant'Anna, Pedro H C TI - Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods T2 - Journal of Econometrics VL - 225 IS - 2 SP - 200-230 PY - 2021 DA - 2021 AB - In this article, we consider identification, estimation, and inference procedures for treatment effect parameters using Difference-in-Differences (DiD) with (i) multiple time periods, (ii) variation in treatment timing, and (iii) when the “parallel trends assumption” holds potentially only after conditioning on observed covariates. We show that a family of causal effect parameters are identified in staggered DiD setups, even if differences in observed characteristics create non-parallel outcome dynamics between groups. Our identification results allow one to use outcome regression, inverse probability weighting, or doubly-robust estimands. We also propose different aggregation schemes that can be used to highlight treatment effect heterogeneity across different dimensions as well as to summarize the overall effect of participating in the treatment. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators and prove the validity of a computationally convenient bootstrap procedure to conduct asymptotically valid simultaneous (instead of pointwise) inference. Finally, we illustrate the relevance of our proposed tools by analyzing the effect of the minimum wage on teen employment from 2001–2007. Open-source software is available for implementing the proposed methods. SN - 0304-4076 DO - 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304407620303948 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 KW - Difference-in-Differences, Dynamic treatment effects, Doubly robust, Event study, Variation in treatment timing, Treatment effect heterogeneity, Semi-parametric N1 - Themed Issue: Treatment Effect 1 ER - TY - MISC AU - Borusyak, Kirill AU - Jaravel, Xavier AU - Spiess, Jann TI - Revisiting Event Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation PY - 2021 DA - 2021 PB - arXiv DO - 10.48550/ARXIV.2108.12419 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12419 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2108.12419 KW - Econometrics (econ.EM), FOS: Economics and business, FOS: Economics and business ER - TY - RPRT AU - Prem, M AU - Purroy, M E AU - Vargas, J F TI - Landmines: the local effects of demining PY - 2021 DA - 2021/9 PB - Universidad del Rosario AB - Demining campaigns are key to remove anti-personnel landmines, one of the main causes of civilian victimization in conflict-affected areas and a significant obstacle for post-war reconstruction and long-term development. We argue that the documented positive economic effects of mines' clearance campaigns is likely not the case if demining operations take place while conflicts are ongoing or if they are only partial. Using highly disaggregated data on demining operations in Colombia from 2004 to 2019 and exploiting the staggered fashion of demining, we find that only post-conflict humanitarian demining generates economic growth (measured with nighttime light density) and increases students' performance in test scores. In contrast, economic activity does not react to post-conflict demining events carried out during military operations, and it decreases if demining takes place while the conflict is ongoing. Rather, those types of demining are more likely to exacerbate extractive activities that do not manifest in higher economic growth but increase deforestation instead UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/019588.html KW - Landmines KW - demining KW - conflict KW - peace KW - local development ER - TY - RPRT AU - Perilla, Sergio AU - Prem, Mounu AU - Purroy, Miguel E AU - Vargas, Juan F TI - How Peace Saves Lives? Evidence from Colombia PY - 2021 DA - 2021/12 PB - Center for Open Science AB - The victimization of civilians and combatants during internal conflicts causes large and persistent socioeconomic costs. Moreover, it is not clear whether peace negotiations can significantly reduce this burden, as some sources of harm persist well after conflicts end. This is the case of antipersonnel landmines, which are hidden underground and remain active for decades. Looking at the recent experience of Colombia, and using a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, we study the conditions under which peace agreements reduce landmine blasts and victimization. Our findings point to the importance of post-conflict information sharing and comprehensive humanitarian mine clearance campaigns. DO - 10.31219/osf.io/cxuwg UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/cxuwg.html UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/cxuwg ER - TY - MISC AU - Osorio, Javier TI - Violent Presence of Armed Actors in Colombia PY - 2018 DA - 2018 UR - https://www.colombiaarmedactors.org/ ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arnault, J TI - Good Agreement? Bad Agreement? An Implementation Perspective PY - 2006 DA - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aguirre, Katherine TI - Analizando la violencia después del conflicto: el caso de Guatemala en un estudio sub-nacional T2 - Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales VL - 59 SP - 191-234 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, Kristin TI - Nine Models for Inclusion of Civil Society in Peace Processes VL - 1–11 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peace Direct TI - Civil Society & Inclusive Peace Key insights and lessons from a global consultation convened on Peace Insight VL - 1–11 PY - 2019 DA - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, Andrew AU - Larcker, David AU - Wang, Charles TI - How Much Should We Trust Staggered Difference-In-Differences Estimates? T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2021 DA - 2021 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.3794018 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3794018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Acemoglu, Daron AU - Robinson, James AU - Santos, Rafael TI - The Monopoly of Violence: Evidence from Colombia T2 - National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Working Papers VL - 11 PY - 2009 DA - 2009 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.1520082 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1520082 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Fergusson, Leopoldo AU - Vargas, Juan F AU - Vela, Mauricio A TI - Sunlight disinfects? Free media in weak democracies PY - 2013 DA - 2013/2 PB - Universidad del Rosario UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/010484.html KW - Media KW - Democracy KW - Elections KW - Colombia KW - Civil Conflict KW - Coercion. ER - TY - CHAP AU - Blanco, Yenly Angélica Méndez AU - Aldana, Johana Silva AU - Suárez, Ana María González AU - Cortés, Andrés Felipe Mora AU - Martin, Carolina Jiménez AU - Marín, César Augusto Muñoz AU - Montaña, Darío Fajardo AU - Pérez, Diana Ximena Machuca AU - Barón, Diego Fernando Carrero AU - Romero, Enrique Santiago AU - Fuentes, Francisco Javier Toloza AU - Blanco, Jenly Angélica Méndez AU - Puello-Socarrás, José Francisco AU - Torres-Henao, Juan Pablo AU - Piedrahíta, Lizeth Montero AU - Aristizábal, Sandra Paola Naranjo AU - Nijmeijer, Tanja TI - El Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos Ilícitos (PNIS): balance, retrocesos y desfiguraciones T2 - El Acuerdo de paz en Colombia: Entre la perfidia y la potencia transformadora SP - 131-160 PY - 2019 DA - 2019 Y2 - 2022/5/20 PB - CLACSO AB - El punto cuarto del Acuerdo Final de Paz representa un giro radical con respecto a la política antidrogas que tradicionalmente se ha implementado en Colombia. Instaura un enfoque que trasciende las preocupaciones de seguridad, lucha contrainsurgente y defensa del Estado de derecho, y propone una perspectiva de transformación de los territorios afectados por la producción y comercialización de los cultivos de uso ilícito para superar las situaciones de marginalidad, desigualdad y violencia que los caracterizan. Además, ofrece un enfoque de salud pública para enfrentar las problemáticas asociadas al consumo de drogas ilícitas.El núcleo de este punto del Acuerdo es UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvt6rknp.8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osorio, J AU - Mohamed, M AU - Pavon, V AU - Brewer-Osorio, S TI - Mapping Violent Presence of Armed Actors in Colombia T2 - Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA VL - 1 SP - 16 PY - 2019 DA - 2019 DO - 10.5194/ica-adv-1-16-2019 UR - https://www.adv-cartogr-giscience-int-cartogr-assoc.net/1/16/2019/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-1-16-2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arjona, Ana AU - Otalora, Laura TI - Presencia vs. violencia: problemas de medición de la presencia de actores armados en Colombia PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - Foco Económico KW - Violencia vs presencia -- Colombia ER - TY - JOUR AU - International Crisis Group TI - Leaders under Fire: Defending Colombia’s Front Line of Peace T2 - Latin America Report N°82 PY - 2020 DA - 2020 PB - Foco Económico ER - TY - JOUR AU - Human Rights Watch TI - Left Undefended Killings of Rights Defenders in Colombia’s Remote Communities PY - 2021 DA - 2021 DO - ISBN: 978-1-62313-890-5 UR - https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/02/10/left-undefended/killings-rights-defenders-colombias-remote-communities UR - http://dx.doi.org/ISBN: 978-1-62313-890-5 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nilsson, Manuela AU - Marín, Lucía TI - Colombia’s Program to Substitute Crops Used for Illegal Purposes: Its Impact on Security and Development T2 - Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding VL - 15 SP - 1-18 PY - 2021 DA - 2021 DO - 10.1080/17502977.2021.1921546 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2021.1921546 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mejía, Daniel AU - Restrepo, Pascual TI - Bushes and Bullets: Illegal Cocaine Markets and Violence in Colombia T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal PY - 2013 DA - 2013 DO - 10.2139/ssrn.2353979 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2353979 ER -