Análisis en componentes principales de la Obesidad-Adiposidad y su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en mujeres. Estudio transversal en un entorno laboral
Summary
Los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de eventos cardiometabólicos, constituyen un set de variables útiles como predictores de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. Uno de los factores de riesgo que recibe mayor atención en la deteccion y prevencion de eventos cardiometabolicos, es la obesidad y la herramienta más común para diagnosticarla es el índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, existen imprecisiones y sesgos en su concepto actual y en la forma de medirla. Nuevas alternativas de valoracion y tamizaje deben incluir porcentaje de grasa corporal y su distribución, dada la relevancia que adquiere la adiposidad en la definicion de obesidad y por ende en la mejoría del pronóstico de eventos cardiometabólicos. Los entornos laborales son ambientes vulnerables que se beneficiarían ampliamente de la aplicación de estas nuevas alternativas para predecir e intervenir tempranamente el riesgo cardiometabólico desde el correcto tamizaje de obesidad, dado el volumen poblacional que se puede abordar.
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk factors are early markers to predict cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. One of the most important risk factor is obesity and body mass index has been the most used tool to determine obesity degree. However, there exist a lot of concerns regarding how to measure obesity accurately, therefore new alternatives have to include body fat percentage and its distribution, in order to improve cardiometabolic-risk prognosis.
Purposes: To identify the principal component of three anthropometric obesity and adiposity measures and establish its association with well-known cardiometabolic risk factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1572 women aged 18-60 years was conducted in a workplace. Anthropometric measurements including waist circumference, body mass index and body fat percentage were used to identify the principal component that best summarize the three original variables trough principal component analysis. Afterward, sociodemographic factors and physical activity information, self-reported dietary and, and others non-plasmatic cardiometabolic risk factors, were grouped trough cluster methodology to evaluate their association with the principal component.
Results: The linear combination of the three original variables indicate the following formula: (0,1729*BMI)+(0,095*BFP)+(0,065*WC). The lower score is 7 (indicating lower values in all measures), and the higher is 18. This principal component was positively associated with age and inversely with handgrip strength. Furthermore a cluster of people sharing high socioeconomical status and educational level, married civil status, and a mixed and healthy dietary pattern, tends to have lower values in the principal component identified.
Conclusions: The principal component was identified considering three anthropometric measures, and it was associated with age, hand grip strength and high socioeconomical status, which are relevant as cardiometabolic risk markers in women. This study is making an interesting proposal in the assessment of obesity and adiposity.
Introduction