Ítem
Acceso Abierto
The autoimmune ecology
Título de la revista
Autores
Anaya, Juan-Manuel
Ramírez Santana, Heily Carolina
Alzate, Maria A.
Molano González, Nicolás
Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana
Archivos
Fecha
2016
Directores
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Frontiers Media S.A.
Buscar en:
Métricas alternativas
Resumen
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect specific target organs or multiple organ systems. These conditions share common immunopathogenic mechanisms (i.e., the autoimmune tautology), which explain the clinical similarities they have among them as well as their familial clustering (i.e., coaggregation). As part of the autoimmune tautology, the influence of environmental exposure on the risk of developing ADs is paramount (i.e., the autoimmune ecology). In fact, environment, more than genetics, shapes immune system. Autoimmune ecology is akin to exposome, that is all the exposures - internal and external - across the lifespan, interacting with hereditary factors (both genetics and epigenetics) to favor or protect against autoimmunity and its outcomes. Herein, we provide an overview of the autoimmune ecology, focusing on the immune response to environmental agents in general, and microbiota, cigarette smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, socioeconomic status (SES), gender and sex hormones, vitamin D, organic solvents, and vaccines in particular. Inclusion of the autoimmune ecology in disease etiology and health will improve the way personalized medicine is currently conceived and applied. © 2016 Anaya, Ramirez-Santana, Alzate, Molano-Gonzalez and Rojas-Villarraga.
Palabras clave
Keywords
2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin , Alcohol , B cell activating factor , High mobility group b1 protein , Immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein , Immunoglobulin g , Interleukin 1 , Interleukin 2 , Interleukin 23 , Interleukin 27 , Interleukin 6 , Interleukin 8 , Organic solvent , Prostaglandin , Sex hormone , Toll like receptor , Toll like receptor 1 , Toll like receptor 2 , Toll like receptor 3 , Toll like receptor 4 , Toll like receptor 5 , Toll like receptor 6 , Toll like receptor 7 , Toll like receptor 8 , Toll like receptor 9 , Tumor necrosis factor alpha , Vaccine , Vitamin d , Alcohol consumption , Autoimmune disease , Autoimmunity , B lymphocyte activation , Clinical trial (topic) , Coffee , Disease course , Dna methylation , Ecology , Environmental exposure , Environmental factor , Gender , Gene expression , Genetics , Human , Immune response , Infection , Innate immunity , Meta analysis (topic) , Microflora , Nonhuman , Randomized controlled trial (topic) , Review , Risk factor , Smoking , Social status , Systematic review (topic) , T lymphocyte , Autoimmune disease , Ecology , Environment , Personalized medicine , Polyautoimmunity
