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Entre la inmunidad y la impunidad: Un análisis jurídico, estructural y crítico de la explotación y abuso sexual en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas

dc.contributor.advisorAntunes Madeira da Silva, Filipe
dc.contributor.advisorGrunow, Hendrikje
dc.creatorSchröder Campos, Maria Lorena Isabel
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Conflicto, Memoria y Paz
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Conflicto, Memoria y Paz
dc.creator.degreeLevelMaestría
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-16T14:28:44Z
dc.date.available2026-06-16T14:28:44Z
dc.date.created2026-02-23
dc.descriptionEl presente trabajo examina críticamente el régimen de inmunidades del que goza la Organización de las Naciones Unidas y su personal, y analiza cómo este marco jurídico reproduce relaciones estructurales de poder que perpetúan la impunidad y limitan el acceso efectivo a la justicia de las víctimas de abusos cometidos en misiones de mantenimiento de la paz, con especial atención a los casos de explotación y abuso sexual. Si bien estas inmunidades se concibieron originalmente para salvaguardar la independencia funcional y la eficacia operativa de la organización, el estudio demuestra que, en la práctica, generan una paradoja estructural que socava los compromisos normativos de la ONU. La inmunidad dentro de este sistema no solo funciona como una protección jurídica técnica, sino como un mecanismo político e institucional que interactúa con estructuras de responsabilidad fragmentadas y con transferencias jurisdiccionales a los países que aportan contingentes. La persistencia de la explotación y el abuso sexual en estos entornos se encuentra estrechamente vinculada a las asimetrías de poder preexistentes entre el personal internacional y la población local, reforzadas por la desigualdad de género, la dependencia socioeconómica y culturas organizacionales militarizadas que refuerzan jerarquías de dominación y dificultan la denuncia y la reparación. Este enfoque se sustenta, además, en el análisis de dos casos de explotación y abuso sexual ocurridos durante la Misión de Estabilización de las Naciones Unidas en Haití, en los cuales se revelan patrones recurrentes de inercia institucional, fragmentación jurisdiccional e impunidad. Los hallazgos confirman que estos sucesos no pueden entenderse como faltas aisladas, sino como manifestaciones de disfunciones estructurales más profundas y arraigadas en la arquitectura jurídica, política e institucional del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, las cuales, pese a la adopción de instrumentos normativos, persisten debido a una brecha significativa entre los compromisos formales y su implementación efectiva.
dc.description.abstractThe present paper critically examines the regime of immunities enjoyed by the United Nations and its personnel and analyzes how this legal framework reproduces structural power relations that perpetuate impunity and limit effective access to justice for victims of abuses committed in peacekeeping missions, with a particular focus on cases of sexual exploitation and abuse. Although these immunities were originally designed to safeguard the functional independence and operational effectiveness of the organization, the study shows that, in practice, they create a structural paradox that undermines the UN's normative commitments. Immunity within this system functions not only as a technical legal protection, but also as a political and institutional mechanism that interacts with fragmented accountability structures and jurisdictional transfers to troop-contributing countries. The persistence of sexual exploitation and abuse in these environments is closely linked to pre-existing power asymmetries between international personnel and the local population, reinforced by gender inequality, socioeconomic dependence, and militarized organizational cultures that reinforce hierarchies of domination and make reporting and redress difficult. This approach is also based on the analysis of two cases of sexual exploitation and abuse that occurred during the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, which reveal recurring patterns of institutional inertia, jurisdictional fragmentation, and impunity. The findings confirm that these events cannot be understood as isolated incidents, but rather as manifestations of deeper, more entrenched structural dysfunctions in the legal, political, and institutional architecture of the United Nations system, which, despite the adoption of normative instruments, persist due to a significant gap between formal commitments and their effective implementation.
dc.format.extent101 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_47929
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47929
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de Ciencias Humanas
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Conflicto, Memoria y Paz
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
dc.subjectAcceso a la justicia
dc.subjectExplotación y abuso sexual
dc.subjectImpunidad
dc.subjectInmunidad
dc.subjectMisiones de mantenimiento de la paz
dc.subjectRelaciones de poder
dc.subjectRendición de cuentas
dc.subject.keywordAccountability
dc.subject.keywordAccess to justice
dc.subject.keywordImmunity
dc.subject.keywordImpunity
dc.subject.keywordPeacekeeping missions
dc.subject.keywordPower relations
dc.subject.keywordSexual exploitation and abuse
dc.titleEntre la inmunidad y la impunidad: Un análisis jurídico, estructural y crítico de la explotación y abuso sexual en las misiones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
dc.title.TranslatedTitleBetween immunity and impunity: A legal, structural, and critical analysis of sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations peacekeeping missions
dc.typemasterThesis
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaTesis de maestría
local.department.reportEscuela de Ciencias Humanas
local.regionesBogotá
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