Artículos
URI permanente para esta colección
Examinar
Examinando Artículos por Tipo "Parte de libro"
Mostrando1 - 20 de 33
Resultados por página
Opciones de clasificación
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosAntiphospholipid Syndrome and Vaccines(2014) Blank, Miri; Cruz?Tapias, PaolaAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune multisystemic disease associated with recurrent fetal loss, thromboembolic phenomena, thrombocytopenia, and neurological, cardiac, and dermatological involvement. APS is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, which bind negatively charged phospholipids, mainly through ?2-glycoprotein I (?2GPI). Tetanus toxoid (TTd) is a potent exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. DNA hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was given to 85 healthy students and, 1 month post-vaccination, a minority of individuals showed changes in IgG or IgM anticardiolipin and anti-?2GPI antibodies or lupus anticoagulant. Toplak et al. reported the presence of anti-?2GPI antibodies in 15% of 92 healthy medical workers up to 6 months post-influenza vaccination. Molecular mimicry has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which experimental APS can occur in association with pathogens. © 2015 Wiley-Blackwell.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosBio-inspired political systems: Opening a field(2013) Mezza-Garcia, NathalieIn this paper we highlight the scopes of engineering bio-inspired political systems: political systems based on the properties of life that self-organize the increasing complexity of human social systems. We describe bio-inspired political systems and conjecture about various ways to get to them—most notably, metaheuristics, modeling and simulation and complexified topologies. Bio-inspired political systems operate with nature-based dynamics, inspired on the knowledge that has been acquired about complexity from natural social systems and life. Bio-inspired political systems are presented as the best alternative for organizing human sociopolitical interactions as computation and microelectronics-based technology profoundly modify the ways in which humans decide. Therefore, weakening classical political systems. For instance, dwindling top-down power structures, modifying the notion of geographical spatiality and augmenting the political granularity. We also argue that, more than a new theoretical proposal, bio-inspired political systems are coming to be the political systems of the future. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosChaos and complexity in financial statements(2015) Juárez, FernandoConceptual issues and the basis for the use of financial statements from the perspective of complexity and chaos are proposed. After analyzing the implications that these perspectives have for financial statements, basic accounting equation is examined from the view of complex logic through the mechanisms of the circumscription. Besides, the phase spaces arising from the relationship between indicators of financial health, such as total assets, stakeholder's equity, profit and loss, or cash flow at end of year, are analyzed; also, the relationship among ratios of sustainability, liquidity, and profitability is revisited. The management discussion and analysis and notes to financial statements sections of financial statements are subjected to new interpretations, based on the beliefs logic and complex and chaotic metaphorical narratives. Finally, a critical perspective on the use of chaos and complexity in the analysis of financial statements is introduced. © 2015, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosColombia(2017) Camargo-Mila, C. H.Capítulo 79 del libro Observation Medicine: Principles and Protocols, donde se abordan practicas medicas colombianas y el contexto en el que se desarrollan los protocolos propios de la región. Camargo-Mila, C. (2017). Colombia. In S. Mace (Ed.), Observation Medicine: Principles and Protocols (pp. 424-428). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139136365.084
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosComplex post-traumatic elbow stiffness: Nonunion, malunion, and post-traumatic arthritis(2016) Fierro Porto G.A.; Greiwe R.M.A flexion contracture is the most common complication after elbow trauma. Several theories and risk factors have been associated with this entity. Soft tissues, osteoarthritic changes, capsule, and bone may be involved in post-traumatic stiffness. A thorough history, physical examination, and appropriate imaging assist with diagnosis and management. Various surgical and nonsurgical treatment options exist in the management of nonunion, malunion, and osteoarthritis after traumatic injury. Management decisions must take into account the functional status and expectations of the patient as well as the surgeon's level of expertise. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCytogenetic Analysis of Primary Cultures and Cell Lines: Generalities, Applications and Protocols(2012-03-02) Rondón Lagos, Sandra Milena; Rangel Jiménez, Nelson EnriqueLa citogenética constituye una importante herramienta diagnóstica para determinar y/o confirmar síndromes específicos en la actualidad; su uso se dirige a la selección de tratamientos y monitorización de pacientes mediante diferentes procedimientos. Estos últimos se realizan con el fin de obtener un cariotipo a partir de sangre periférica o varias biopsias de tejido (p.ej. biopsias de pacientes con melanoma, cáncer de mama, biopsias de piel, muestras de prepucio, productos de aborto, entre otros). Sin embargo, el estudio de las anomalías cromosómicas en las células de cultivo se ha visto limitado por procesos complejos como lograr el crecimiento celular y un buen número de metafases, que a su vez dificulta la posibilidad de obtener un número útil de propagación de la metafase con el fin de llevar a cabo un análisis citogenético adecuado, que debe ser capaz de mostrar una buena morfología una dispersión adecuada y una banda correcta. Las líneas celulares son ampliamente utilizadas en diferentes campos de investigación, particularmente en modelos invitro para la investigación del cáncer. (Burdall et al., 2003)
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosDefining, conceptualizing, and measuring gender violence across the world(2018) Ertan S.; Monroy Hernández, María Catalina; Vallejo J.P.; Romero G.While there still remains a gap in the literature on how to define, conceptualize, and measure gender violence cross-nationally, solving this challenge stands as the main objective of this research. Despite the lack of consensus regarding the definition of gender violence, in this chapterwe aim to elucidate the meaning of gender violence to provide an overall understanding of the concept. We suggest a new conceptualization of gender violence by focusing on 16 types of violence from a matrix of three dimensions and, as a result, we present a gender violence index that measures the prevalence and incidence of gender violence by using crosscountry data from the WomanStats database. The conceptualization provided by this study represents the basis for a measurement to determine the gap between different countries regarding the commonness of circumstances that could lead to gender violence. © 2018 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosDemystifying the mozart effect: Facts beyond the controversy(2018) Talero Gutiérrez, Claudia; Saade-Lemus S.Historically, humans have attributed music with power over emotions and talents. Recently, however, with the advent of modern technologies to study the brain, such as magnetic resonance, evoked potentials and electroencephalographic readings, the actual processing of music in the human brain and its effects are increasingly available for study. Even though many studies have been conducted relating music to depression, dementia, epilepsy, palliative care, and even immunological response, one especial relation has caught the attention of both scientists and the general public: that of music and intelligence. Following the first research report of Rauscher and colleagues in 1993, describing an 8-9 increase in the Intelligence Coefficient score of college students exposed to Mozart music, a popular belief of Mozart's music as having an effect on general intelligence was formed. Although the original authors clearly stated the observed effect was temporal and did not include children as their study population, the marketing of classical music to parents consolidated as a strong sales business active up to this day. In this chapter we describe the general response to this socalled 'Mozart effect' and explore the scientific literature supporting or debunking Rauscher's finding. Additionally, we recount the demonstrated positive effects of musical training as opposed to passive music listening. We come to the conclusion that listening to music does not improve general intelligence, whereas actually learning how to interpret music results in confirmed anatomical brain modifications and benefits in terms of intelligence, linguistic ability and memory. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosEffects of urbanisation and suburbanisation on health in the Bogotá region(2013) Martinez C.I.P.; Alfonso Piña W.H.This chapter seeks to analyse and determine how urbanisation and suburbanisation affect health, taking as a case study the urban agglomeration of Bogotá and neighbouring municipalities for the study period of 1998-2012. This analysis is conducted using several indicators to characterise trends in population, urbanisation and suburbanisation and their effects on health, which is assessed as total deaths in Bogotá and Savanna. The indicators used for this study include the population, urban density, number of deaths and main causes of death, which are calculated for Bogotá and every neighbouring municipality selected. Some municipalities (Chia, Cajica and Cota) demonstrate how, in the process of suburbanisation and urbanisation, consolidation with different conditions and levels of development affect the health of the population, with increases in deaths by disease and cancer. This study's findings are important in that the evidentiary aspects of urbanisation and new populations on the neighbouring municipalities of Bogotá can be considered for formulating comprehensive regional developmental policies to improve welfare and habitability, particularly for vulnerable populations. © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosFabry disease in Latin America: Data from the fabry registry(2013) Villalobos, J.; Politei, J. M.; Martins, A. M.; Cabrera, G.; Amartino, H.; Lemay, R.; Ospina, S.; Ordoñez, S. Suarez; Varas, C.The purpose of these analyses was to characterize demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of Latin American patients with Fabry disease compared to that of patients in the rest of the world. Observational data reported to the Fabry Registry were obtained from untreated patients or prior to treatment with enzyme replacement therapy. As of October 1, 2010, 3,752 patients were enrolled in the Fabry Registry worldwide, including 333 patients within Latin America. Latin American patients tended to be younger than Fabry Registry patients enrolled in the rest of the world: Mean current age 35.5 years versus 39.2 years for men (p less than 0.05 by t-test), mean age 37.8 years versus 43.6 years for women (p less than 0.05 by t-test). A smaller percentage of Latin American patients have received enzyme replacement therapy, compared to patients in the rest of the world: 67% versus 80% for men, and 19% versus 39% of women, respectively. Thirty-one percent of men and 22% of women in Latin America reported experiencing a significant cardiovascular, renal, or cerebrovascular event, at a mean age of 35 ± 12.6 years in men and 44 ± 12.3 years in women. Cardiovascular events were the most common type of initial clinical event among men and women in Latin America. The medical community in Latin America should be aware of Fabry disease as a possible cause of renal or cardiac dysfunction. Increased awareness will facilitate prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment. © SSIEM and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosFemale representation in Colombia a historical analysis (1962-2014)(2018) Pachón M.; Lacouture S.E.Mónica Pachón and Santiago E. Lacouture examine the case of Colombia and show that women’s representation has been low and remains low in most arenas of representation and across national and subnational levels of government. The authors identify institutions and the highly personalized Colombian political context as the primary reasons for this. Despite the fact that Colombia was an electoral democracy through almost all of the twentieth century, it was one of the last countries in the region to grant women political rights. Still, even given women’s small numbers, they do bring women’s issues to the political arena. Pachón and Lacoutre show that women are more likely to sponsor bills on women-focused topics, which may ultimately lead to greater substantive representation of women in Colombia. © Oxford University Press 2018.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosFrom infancy to early childhood: The role of augmentative manipulation robotic tools in cognitive and social development for children with motor disabilities(2013) Alvarez, L.; Rios, A. M.; Adams, K.; Encarnação, P.; Cook, A. M.Motor experience plays a critical role in cognitive and social development. Developmental research has identified the major role of motor experience through manipulation and locomotion on the cognitive development of typically developing children. Children with physically disabilities cannot independently explore the environment and manipulate objects, and their motor impairments limit their opportunities for developing cognitive and social skills. Assistive technologies can provide the means for children with disabilities to independently interact with their physical and social environments. Assistive robots can provide children with disabilities with opportunities for object manipulation. This paper describes research using robots to understand and promote cognitive and social development of children with physical disabilities. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosGenetics and Vaccinology(2014) Castiblanco, John; Anaya, Juan-ManuelVaccines are the most effective and sustainable means of preventing infectious diseases. Novel diagnostics would help customize the use of vaccines in subpopulations in which they would display enhanced safety and efficacy. This chapter focuses on giving a glimpse of the genetic status effect of vaccine immune response and how this could contribute to the development of novel vaccine candidates that are better directed and predicted relative to the genetic history of an individual and/or population. It provides a summary of genetic factors associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in multiple classes of genes that provide immune response to vaccines. The immune response network theory, in its simplest form, is based on the premise 'the response to a vaccine is the cumulative result of interactions driven by a host of genes and their interactions, and is theoretically predictable'. © 2015 Wiley-Blackwell.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosGenomic Medicine in Developing Countries and Resource-Limited Environments(2017) Katsila T.; Mitropoulos K.; Mohamed Z.; Forero D.A.; Laissue P.; Wonkam A.; Lopez-Correa C.; Chantratita W.; Llerena A.; Ali B.R.; Patrinos G.P.Even though the translation of genomic discoveries into clinic and public health has gained momentum, major discrepancies still occur between developed and developing/resource-limited countries. Genomic medicine is implemented at a different pace not only due to limited resources but also because of the slow pace toward the adoption of new findings. The potential of genomic medicine to rationalize medical diagnosis and treatment has been poorly understood. In this chapter, we discuss examples from the successful implementation of genomic medicine in developing countries. We feel that these examples can serve as model cases toward the implementation of genomic medicine in resource-limited environments. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosHeart rate variability in young men: Effect of overweight and physical inactivity(2015) Urbina Bonilla, Adriana del Pilar; Mendoza-Romero, Dario; Garcia-Otalora, Michel Andres; Ortiz-Guzman, Johan-EnriquePhysical inactivity, overweight and obesity are factors that contribute to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, which cause 35 million deaths each year, equivalent to 60% of all deaths worldwide [1]. Regular aerobic physical activity results in health benefits and reduces the risk of mortality [2]. These benefits include the prevention of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cancer [1]. Heart rate variability (HRV) is measured as heart rate oscillations occurring between beats, and allows the non-invasive study of autonomic modulation of cardiovascular function. HRV is used as an indicator of health status [3, 4] and predicts adverse cardiac events and mortality both in healthy people [5] and in those with cardiovascular disease [6, 7]. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of HRV in young men with different body mass index (BMI) and level of physical activity. Methods Descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study. From short heart rate records (5 minutes) in rest, time and frequency domain HRV analysis were performed, in young men between 18 and 25 years, distributed in three groups: a) 11 physically inactive men with normal BMI; b) 10 physically inactive with BMI . 25 kg/m2; c) 12 aerobically trained men with normal BMI. Results Aerobically trained subjects had higher heart rate variability with respect to the physically inactive as determined by time domain analysis (lower heart rate; higher RR interval, rMSSD, and pRR50) and by frequency domain analysis (higher HF and LF; lower LF/HF). Within physically inactive subjects, it was observed that the body mass index is negatively correlated with HF and total fractal power (R = -0448, and -0566, respectively). Conclusion The results suggest that subjects with regular long-term aerobic training have increased HRV, compared to physically inactive subjects. In sedentary men, BMI was inversely correlated to HRV. Physical inactivity and overweight seem to have a negative and apparently synergistic effect on HRV. It is recommended to evaluate the usefulness of HRV in rest in monitoring intervention programs for controlling body weight. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosIdentification and functional characterization of GAA mutations in Colombian patients affected by pompe disease(2013) Niño, Mónica Yasmín; Mateus, Heidi Eliana; Fonseca Mendoza, Dora Janeth; Kroos, Marian A.; Ospina, Sandra Yaneth; Mejía, Juan Fernando; Uribe, Jesús Alfredo; Reuser, Arnold J. J.; Laissue, PaulPompe disease (PD) is a recessive metabolic disorder characterized by acid ?-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency, which results in lysosomal accumulation of glycogen in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscles. PD clinical course is mainly determined by the nature of the GAA mutations. Although ~400 distinct GAA sequence variations have been described, the genotype-phenotype correlation is not always evident. In this study, we describe the first clinical and genetic analysis of Colombian PD patients performed in 11 affected individuals. GAA open reading frame sequencing revealed eight distinct mutations related to PD etiology including two novel missense mutations, c.1106 T > C (p.Leu369Pro) and c.2236 T > C (p.Trp746Arg). In vitro functional studies showed that the structural changes conferred by both mutations did not inhibit the synthesis of the 110 kD GAA precursor form but affected the processing and intracellular transport of GAA. In addition, analysis of previously described variants located at this position (p.Trp746Gly, p.Trp746Cys, p.Trp746Ser, p.Trp746X) revealed new insights in the molecular basis of PD. Notably, we found that p.Trp746Cys mutation, which was previously described as a polymorphism as well as a causal mutation, displayed a mild deleterious effect. Interestingly and by chance, our study argues in favor of a remarkable Afro-American and European ancestry of the Colombian population. Taken together, our report provides valuable information on the PD genotype–phenotype correlation, which is expected to facilitate and improve genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families. © SSIEM and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosImaging of pediatric central nervous system tumors(2017) Ordóñez-Rubiano E.G.; Hicklen R.S.; Rivera-Osorio L.; Johnson J.M.Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common type of solid tumors in the pediatric population. Neuroimaging is the sine quo non for state-of-the-art care of pediatric patients with central nervous system neoplasms. A variety of noninvasive imaging techniques are described which have shown utility in patient care from the time of initial diagnosis to surgical and radiation planning and then also during posttreatment surveillance for treatment effects, complications and to exclude recurrent disease. This overview of imaging techniques will hopefully give the reader a better understanding in choosing appropriate imaging strategies for optimal individualized patient care. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosImaging of retinal and choroidal manifestations of gastrointestinal disease(2017) Rodríguez F.J.; Becerra C.; Gabela M.C.Ocular manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases are uncommon. This chapter describes multimodal imaging of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders, and associated retinal and choroidal findings. Inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple's disease, and Behçet's disease may have vaso-occlusive manifestations, as well as vasculitis, retinitis, and changes in the choroid, due to inflammation. Purtscher's like retinopathy associated with pancreatitis presents with changes associated to vaso-occlusive disease. Avitaminosis A has degenerative flecks in the retina that may be reversible with adequate supplementation. Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome, also considered in this chapter, has typical clinical characteristic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium that help in the diagnosis. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosIs neuralgia a transcriptional channelopathy?(2010) Gutiérrez-álvarez É.M.; Moreno C.B.Neuralgia, is a symptom of some neurological disorders and can be found at any age. It is characterized by paroxysmal and lancinating pain that follows the path of the affected nerve. It can be spontaneous or may be triggered by any type of stimuli. This pain is usually brief but may be severe, pain-free intervals being common. This symptom is the main characteristic of some neurological entities and, due to its presence and importance, these diseases are thereby known as trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia or postherpetic neuralgia. Neuralgia is caused by irritation or nerve damage arising from inflammation, trauma, surgery, compression by adjacent structures such as tumors, infection and chemical or physical irritation of a nerve, even though the cause remains unknown in most cases. This chapter presents the evidence sustaining the hypothesis that neuralgia is a clinical expression of a transcriptional channelopathy. This will help (in the near future) in designing new drugs orientated towards such target and lead to advances in diagnosing and treating patients who are affected by this important symptom. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosMagnetic compasses in insects(2019) Riveros Rivera, Andre Josafat; Srygley R.B.Using magnetic information for orientation and navigation is widespread in animals. Insects use magnetic information for simple body alignment, homing or during long-distance migrations. Most often, insects use a polarity compass, orienting by the North-South axis of the Earth’s magnetic field. However, recent studies also point to a role for magnetic inclination in insect orientation. Also, magnetic information is coupled with other navigation compasses or cues, such as the sun or landmarks. Here, our current knowledge and future directions on magnetic compasses in insects is broadly reviewed, from the nature of the compass to the diversity of its uses. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd.