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Simultaneous detection of Plasmodium vivax dhfr, dhps, mdr1 and crt-o resistance-associated mutations in the Colombian Amazonian region

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Cubides, Juan Ricardo
Camargo-Ayala, Paola Andrea
Niño, Carlos Hernando
Garzón‑Ospina, Diego
Ortega‑Ortegón, Anggie
Ospina‑Cantillo, Estefany
Orduz‑Durán, María Fernanda
Patarroyo, Manuel Elkin
Patarroyo, Manuel A.

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2018

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Abstract
Background: Malaria continues being a public health problem worldwide. Plasmodium vivax is the species causing the largest number of cases of malaria in Asia and South America. Due to the lack of a completely effective anti-malarial vaccine, controlling this disease has been based on transmission vector management, rapid diagnosis and suitable treatment. However, parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs has become a major yet-to-be-overcome challenge. This study was thus aimed at determining pvmdr1, pvdhfr, pvdhps and pvcrt-o gene mutations and haplotypes from field samples obtained from an endemic area in the Colombian Amazonian region. Methods: Fifty samples of parasite DNA infected by a single P. vivax strain from symptomatic patients from the Amazonas department in Colombia were analysed by PCR and the pvdhfr, pvdhps, pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes were sequenced. Diversity estimators were calculated from the sequences and the haplotypes circulating in the Colombian Amazonian region were obtained. Conclusion: pvdhfr, pvdhps, pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes in the Colombian Amazonian region are characterized by low genetic diversity. Some resistance-associated mutations were found circulating in this population. New variants are also being reported. A selective sweep signal was located in pvdhfr and pvmdr1 genes, suggesting that these mutations (or some of them) could be providing an adaptive advantage. © 2018 The Author(s).
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Malaria Vaccine , Colombia , Crt O Gene , Dhfr Gene , Dhps Gene , Disease Surveillance , Electrophoresis , Endemic Disease , Gene , Gene Location , Gene Mutation , Gene Sequence , Genetic Association , Genetic Polymorphism , Genetic Resistance , Genetic Selection , Genetic Variability , Haplotype , Human , Malaria Control , Mdr1 Gene , Nonhuman , Nucleotide Sequence , Plasmodium Vivax , Plasmodium Vivax Malaria , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vacuna contra la malaria , Crt O génica , Colombia
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