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Association of muscular fitness and body fatness with cardiometabolic risk factors: The FUPRECOL study
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Correa-Rodríguez, María
Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson
Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique
del Pilar Castellanos-Vega, Rocío
Arias-Coronel, Florencio
González-Ruíz, Katherine
Carrillo, Hugo Alejandro
Schmidt-RioValle, Jacqueline
González-Jiménez, Emilio
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Fecha
2018
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MDPI AG
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Abstract
This study investigated the associations of muscular fitness and various indicators of body fatness with cardio-metabolic risk factors and determined the muscular strength and body fatness thresholds for detecting a high risk of cardio-metabolic dysfunction in young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1798 collegiate students (61.5% females, mean age 20.5 years). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of fat mass (BF%), fat-mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were also included as body fatness measurements. A high cardio-metabolic risk cluster was derived by assessing triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Logistic regression models showed that men and women with lower NGS had an increased cardio-metabolic risk odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.9, p = 0.006, and OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, p = 0.036, respectively). In both sexes, higher levels of all fatness parameters were also associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk (p less than 0.001). In both men and women, high FMI had the highest OR for clustered risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.4, and OR = 7.3, 95% CI 3.4 to 9.7, p less than 0.001, respectively). Combined analysis showed that unfitness (lower NGS) and high fat had the highest OR for WC and FMI in men and women, respectively (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.6 to 11.4, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p less than 0.01). Muscular strength and body fatness are independently and jointly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in young adults, which suggests that both are predictor variables for this. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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Keywords
Cholesterol , Glucose , High density lipoprotein cholesterol , Low density lipoprotein cholesterol , Triacylglycerol , Lipid , Adult , Article , Body fat , Body mass , Cardiometabolic risk , Cholesterol blood level , Cross-sectional study , Diastolic blood pressure , Female , Grip strength , Human , Hypertension , Male , Muscle strength , Physical activity , Predictive value , Prevalence , Questionnaire , Risk factor , Sensitivity and specificity , Systolic blood pressure , Waist circumference , Waist to height ratio , Adipose tissue , Blood , Blood pressure , Body composition , Cardiovascular disease , Fitness , Glucose blood level , Hand strength , Metabolic disorder , Metabolism , Odds ratio , Physiology , Skeletal muscle , Statistical model , Young adult , Adipose tissue , Adult , Blood glucose , Blood pressure , Body composition , Body mass index , Cardiovascular diseases , Cross-sectional studies , Female , Hand strength , Humans , Lipids , Logistic models , Metabolic diseases , Muscle strength , Muscle , Odds ratio , Physical fitness , Risk factors , Waist circumference , Young adult , Body fatness , Cardio-metabolic risk , Fat mass index , Muscular fitness , Young adults
