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Infections and vaccines in the etiology of antiphospholipid syndrome

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Cruz-Tapias, Paola
Blank, Miri
Anaya, Juan-Manuel
Shoenfeld, Yehuda

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2012

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Abstract
Purpose of review: To present scientific evidence supporting the infectious origin for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by molecular mimicry between pathogens, infection and vaccination with ?2-glycoprotein I (?2-GPI) molecule. Recent findings: APS is characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies against ?2-GPI. The infection etiology of APS was well established. Likewise, a link between vaccination such as tetanus toxoid may trigger antibodies targeting tetanus toxoid and ?2-GPI, due to molecular mimicry between the two molecules. During the years, the pathogenic potential of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies cross reactive with ?2-GPI were found to be pathogenic in animal models, inducing experimental APS. Summary: Accumulated evidence supports that the presence of anti-?2-GPI antibodies is associated with a history of infections and the main mechanism to explain this correlation is molecular mimicry. The relationship between tetanus toxoid vaccination and APS reveals a novel view on the autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health
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4 aminobutyric acid , immunologic , Aluminum hydroxide , Beta2 glycoprotein 1 , Beta2 glycoprotein 1 antibody , Cardiolipin antibody , Diphtheria antibody , Ganglioside antibody , Glycerol , Immunoglobulin a antibody , Immunoglobulin g antibody , Immunoglobulin m antibody , Interleukin 1 receptor , Laminin , Myeloid differentiation factor 88 , Tetanus toxoid , Toll like receptor , Antibody production , Antiphospholipid syndrome , Autoinflammatory disease , Blood clotting time , Clostridium tetani , Cross reaction , Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , Fetus wastage , Human , Infection , Medical history , Molecular mimicry , Nonhuman , Partial thromboplastin time , Priority journal , Review , Signal transduction , Tetanus prophylaxis , Thrombocytopenia , Adjuvants , Antiphospholipid syndrome , Autoantibodies , Beta 2-glycoprotein i , Cross reactions , Humans , Infection , Molecular mimicry , Tetanus toxoid , ?2-glycoprotein i , Antiphospholipid syndrome , Tetanus toxoid
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