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Letter to the Editor on “Rivaroxaban Use for Thrombosis Prophylaxis is Associated With Early Periprosthetic Joint Infection”

Título de la revista
Autores
Shao, Hongyi
Chen, Chi-Lung
Maltenfort, Mitchell G
Restrepo, Camilo
Rothman, Richard H
Chen, Antonia F

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Fecha
2016

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Editor
The Journal of Arthroplasty

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Resumen
Abstract
The concern expressed by Brimmo et al[1] regarding the increasing incidence of surgical site infection, as greater efficacy is achieved with deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, is shared by all experts in the field. Measures of association in a retrospective cohort, as used in their study, would be useful in the absence of data obtained with more robust experimental designs. Albeit with a different definition of infection than that used by the authors, the incidence of infection with rivaroxaban was studied extensively in the Regulation of Coagulation in Orthopedic surgery to prevent Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (RECORD) randomized controlled trials [2-5]. No statistical differences in safety were found when comparing rivaroxaban to enoxaparin in 2509 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty [3] and 3148 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty [5]. To test for external validity, the Xarelto (R) in the prophylaxis of post-surgical venous thromboembolism after elective major orthopedic surgery of the hip or knee (XAMOS) trial was designed as a prospective cohort study [6] comparing rivaroxaban to various pharmacological agents in 15,000 patients, where no statistical differences with regard to infection were found. Although we agree with the authors that their incidence of infection is higher than the benchmarks, we think the problem lies elsewhere, as the development of surgical site infection hinge on multiple risk factors both dependent on the patient and the procedure [7,8]. The authors approximate our argument when they quote other studies where benchmark infection rates have been achieved when using rivaroxaban for prophylaxis. In conclusion, we believe that the findings reported by the authors must be reinterpreted considering the study limitations and the high-level evidence previously published regarding the use of rivaroxaban and surgical site infection.
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Keywords
Arthroplasty , Replacement , Hip , Humans , Postoperative Complications
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