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Desarrollo de herramientas para identificar factores biomecánicos de riesgo de la lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior a través de protocolo de instrumentación del drop jump en deportistas colombianos

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dc.contributor.advisorRodríguez Cheu, Luis Eduardo
dc.contributor.advisorCaicedo Rodríguez, Pablo Eduardo
dc.contributor.gruplacGiBiome
dc.contributor.otherSierra Arévalo, Wilson Alexander
dc.creatorCasas Velasco, Juliana
dc.creator.OrganizationalUniversidad del Rosario
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Ingeniería Biomédica
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Ingeniería Biomédicaspa
dc.creator.degreeLevelMaestría
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-15T12:18:18Z
dc.date.available2025-08-15T12:18:18Z
dc.date.created2025-08-13
dc.descriptionLa ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior se encuentra entre las lesiones más comunes y estudiadas en ortopedia. En EE. UU., la incidencia oscila entre 60.000 y 250.000 casos anuales [1] [2] y el 14,05% del total, corresponde a deportistas de alto rendimiento [1]. Los deportes con mayor tasa de ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) son básquetbol, fútbol y gimnasia [3]. Se han reportado más de 100.000 casos por año en otros países y es una lesión que se considera frecuente a nivel global [4]. En Colombia, el fútbol es el deporte más popular, se practica de forma recreativa y la mayoría de los deportistas de alto rendimiento son futbolistas. Consecuentemente, se estima una alta tasa de ruptura de LCA en la población, razón por la cual se han buscado herramientas para identificar y minimizar el riesgo. El uso de la tecnología como herramienta para estudiar el movimiento ha aumentado en los últimos años en la investigación biomédica, sobre todo en el ámbito deportivo. Con el apoyo de sistemas y equipos se han identificado múltiples factores de riesgo de la lesión entre los cuales se encuentran los biomecánicos [5]. Estos, han sido investigados porque tienen mayor potencial para ser modificados y se podrían trabajar de forma preventiva para minimizar el riesgo de sufrir la lesión. Específicamente, con el sistema optoelectrónico de captura de movimiento (SOCM) se han evaluado diferentes saltos incluyendo el Drop Jump (DJ); sin embargo, aún no hay consenso en el protocolo de instrumentación que se debe utilizar para valoraciones biomecánicas que usen SOCM combinado con electromiografía de superficie (EMG) y sin recurrir al uso de una plataforma de fuerza. Por lo anterior, este estudio busca desarrollar herramientas que permitan identificar los factores biomecánicos más relevantes asociados a la lesión proponiendo un protocolo de instrumentación para el DJ que solo utilice un SOCM, EMG y una herramienta computacional para identificar las etapas determinantes. El protocolo propuesto y la herramienta se evaluaron en una población de 15 hombres deportistas de alto rendimiento entre 18 y 31 años, activos en la liga colombiana de fútbol. Al realizar la verificación del protocolo en la muestra poblacional, se pudieron identificar los factores cinemáticos asociados a la lesión en las etapas determinantes del DJ sin necesidad de una plataforma de fuerza. También se encontraron diferencias en algunos factores entre participantes sin lesión previa y uno que se había recuperado. De esta manera, se logró desarrollar un mecanismo de valoración con base en un modelo biomecánico personalizado que incluye un conjunto de movimientos centrados en la evaluación de la estabilidad de la rodilla a través del DJ, involucra la actividad muscular y puede ser instrumentado para identificar los factores de riesgo de la ruptura total de LCA.
dc.description.abstractThe anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) is one of the most common and studied injuries in orthopedics. The incidence rate of ACL injury ranges between 60.000 and 250.000 cases per year in United States of America [1] [2] and 14,05% of the cases are from high performance athletes [1]. Basketball, soccer, and gymnastics are the sports with higher incidence rate of ACL injury [3]. In other countries, more than 100.000 cases have been reported per year and this injury is considered as frequent by health organizations [4]. Soccer is the most popular sport in Colombia, common citizens and professionals play it. An elevated percentage of the high-performance athletes in the country are footballers, therefore, healthcare authorities expect a high rate of ACL ruptures, which is why tools have been sought to identify and minimize the risk. The use of movement analysis technology as a tool to study human movement has increased in the past years in biomedical research, in sports related studies. Researchers have identified high-risk factors for multiple injuries by using those systems and related equipment; biomechanical equipment and tools are among those [5]. The latter have been under investigation because of their greater modification potential and their capability to train as preventive action to minimize the risk of injury. Researchers have used optoelectronic movement systems to evaluate diverse types of jumps including DJ; However, there is still no consensus among them, on the instrumentation protocol that should be used for biomechanical assessments that use SOCM combined with EMG and without resorting to the use of a force platform. Also, there is no agreement among scientists regarding the most relevant factors. Thus, this study’s purpose is to develop tools to identify the most relevant kinematic factors associated with the ACL injury by proposing a protocol for the DJ using surface electromyography (EMG), SOCM and computational tools without using a force platform to identify decisive jump stages. The proposed protocol and tool were evaluated in a trial with fifteen (15) high-performance soccer male athletes between 18 and 31 years old, active in Colombian soccer league. By verifying the protocol in the population sample, the kinematic factors associated with injury in the determining stages of DJ were identified without the need for a force platform. Differences were found in some factors between participants without previous injury and one who had recovered. With the latter, in the study there was developed and proposed an objective mechanism based on customized biomechanical modeling to evaluate knee stability and muscular activity during a DJ exercise to identify the most relevant factors associated with the ACL injury for non-contact activities.
dc.format.extent112 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_46298
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/46298
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Saludspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ingeniería Biomédicaspa
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dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
dc.subjectLigamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA)
dc.subjectFactores Biomecánicos
dc.subjectProtocolo de instrumentación
dc.subjectEMG
dc.subjectVICON
dc.subjectSistema óptico de captura de movimiento
dc.subjectVertical Drop Jump (DJ)
dc.subject.keywordAnterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
dc.subject.keywordBiomechanic variables
dc.subject.keywordEMG
dc.subject.keywordVICON
dc.subject.keywordDrop Jump
dc.titleDesarrollo de herramientas para identificar factores biomecánicos de riesgo de la lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior a través de protocolo de instrumentación del drop jump en deportistas colombianos
dc.title.TranslatedTitleDevelopment of tools to identify biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury through a drop jump instrumentation protocol in Colombian athletes.
dc.typemasterThesis
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaTesis de maestría
local.department.reportEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
local.regionesBogotá
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