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Wood strategies in a lowland rainforest of eastern Amazonia

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dc.contributorSánchez, Adriana
dc.contributor.advisorPosada Hostettler, Juan Manuel Roberto
dc.contributor.gruplacGrupo de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistémica (EFE)
dc.creatorGonzález Melo, Germán Andrés
dc.creator.degreeDoctor en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas
dc.creator.degreeLevelDoctorado
dc.creator.degreetypeFull time
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-10T19:33:17Z
dc.date.available2023-03-10T19:33:17Z
dc.date.created2023-01-25
dc.descriptionThis thesis consists of six chapters: the general introduction (this chapter), four research chapters (chapters 2-5), and a synthesis chapter (chapter 6). I first focused on WSG and wood anatomical traits (chapter 2), then looked at wood chemical traits (chapter 3), and then combined data on wood traits and species demography to assess the links between traits and demographic rates (chapter 4). Finally, I examined the implications of within-stem variations in WSG on biomass estimations at both the species and stand level (chapter 5). It is well established that wood specific gravity (WSG) can vary substantially from pith to bark (Williamson & Wiemann, 2010), which can reflect ontogenetic shifts in hydraulic, mechanical and storage demands during tree development (Hietz et al., 2013). However, the wood anatomical traits underlying these radial variations in WSG are not well understood, particularly for angiosperm tree species from humid tropical forests. In chapter 2, I used a set of wood functional traits, measured along the stem radial profile, to explain the anatomical drivers of radial shifts in WSG. Wood nutrients are expected to play a central role in tree functioning and life-history variations among woody species (Martin et al., 2014; Heinemann et al., 2016). Yet, very few studies have investigated how wood nutrients are related to other wood functional traits, or how they vary radially within stems, or across species and ecological guilds. In chapter 3, I related wood nutrients (i.e., phosphorous, calcium, potassium and magnesium) to WSG and xylem parenchyma fractions ininner and outer wood, and evaluated nutrient resorption rates at the species and ecological guilds level. One central assumption in trait-based ecology is that traits can predict species demography (Shipley et al., 2016). However, the predictive power of most traits on tree demographic rates is in general low. This pattern may be explained by two reasons: the use of “soft traits”, which might not fully capture some plant functions (Yang et al., 2018), and the lack of consideration of size-related changes in both traits and demographic rates (Iida & Swenson, 2019). In chapter 4, I combined demographic rates (i.e., diameter growth and mortality rates) of trees of different sizes and “hard traits” (i.e., chemical and anatomical traits) measured at different radial positions to explain the associations between wood traits and species demography during tree development. Besides its functional significance, wood specific gravity is also an important predictor of above-ground biomass (AGB) and, consequently, of biomass growth rates (BGR) estimations. Although radial shifts in WSG may have considerable effects on AGB and BGR estimations, at both the species and stand level, most regional and local studies do not consider these possible effects. In chapter 5, I quantified species percentage errors in AGB and BGR estimations that resulted from not taking into account radial trends in WSG, and extrapolated these species percentage errors to the stand level. Finally, in the last chapter (chapter 6), I synthesized the results of this thesis, and discussed how they complement existing knowledge on trait-based ecology. Furthermore, I outlined the limitations of this study and proposed future research directions.
dc.description.abstractThis thesis consists of six chapters: the general introduction (this chapter), four research chapters (chapters 2-5), and a synthesis chapter (chapter 6). I first focused on WSG and wood anatomical traits (chapter 2), then looked at wood chemical traits (chapter 3), and then combined data on wood traits and species demography to assess the links between traits and demographic rates (chapter 4). Finally, I examined the implications of within-stem variations in WSG on biomass estimations at both the species and stand level (chapter 5). It is well established that wood specific gravity (WSG) can vary substantially from pith to bark (Williamson & Wiemann, 2010), which can reflect ontogenetic shifts in hydraulic, mechanical and storage demands during tree development (Hietz et al., 2013). However, the wood anatomical traits underlying these radial variations in WSG are not well understood, particularly for angiosperm tree species from humid tropical forests. In chapter 2, I used a set of wood functional traits, measured along the stem radial profile, to explain the anatomical drivers of radial shifts in WSG. Wood nutrients are expected to play a central role in tree functioning and life-history variations among woody species (Martin et al., 2014; Heinemann et al., 2016). Yet, very few studies have investigated how wood nutrients are related to other wood functional traits, or how they vary radially within stems, or across species and ecological guilds. In chapter 3, I related wood nutrients (i.e., phosphorous, calcium, potassium and magnesium) to WSG and xylem parenchyma fractions ininner and outer wood, and evaluated nutrient resorption rates at the species and ecological guilds level. One central assumption in trait-based ecology is that traits can predict species demography (Shipley et al., 2016). However, the predictive power of most traits on tree demographic rates is in general low. This pattern may be explained by two reasons: the use of “soft traits”, which might not fully capture some plant functions (Yang et al., 2018), and the lack of consideration of size-related changes in both traits and demographic rates (Iida & Swenson, 2019). In chapter 4, I combined demographic rates (i.e., diameter growth and mortality rates) of trees of different sizes and “hard traits” (i.e., chemical and anatomical traits) measured at different radial positions to explain the associations between wood traits and species demography during tree development. Besides its functional significance, wood specific gravity is also an important predictor of above-ground biomass (AGB) and, consequently, of biomass growth rates (BGR) estimations. Although radial shifts in WSG may have considerable effects on AGB and BGR estimations, at both the species and stand level, most regional and local studies do not consider these possible effects. In chapter 5, I quantified species percentage errors in AGB and BGR estimations that resulted from not taking into account radial trends in WSG, and extrapolated these species percentage errors to the stand level. Finally, in the last chapter (chapter 6), I synthesized the results of this thesis, and discussed how they complement existing knowledge on trait-based ecology. Furthermore, I outlined the limitations of this study and proposed future research directions.
dc.description.sponsorshipColciencias
dc.description.sponsorshipInstituto Smithsonian
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad del Rosario
dc.format.extent134 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.geoLocationAmazonía
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_38204
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/38204
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
dc.subjectWood traits
dc.subjectDemography
dc.subjectFunctional ecology
dc.subjectTropical forests
dc.subjectEcology
dc.subject.keywordWood traits
dc.subject.keywordDemography
dc.subject.keywordFunctional ecology
dc.subject.keywordTropical forests
dc.subject.keywordEcology
dc.titleWood strategies in a lowland rainforest of eastern Amazonia
dc.title.TranslatedTitleEstrategias ecológicas de madera en un bosque humedo de tierras bajas en la Amazonia oriental
dc.typemasterThesis
dc.type.documentTesis
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaTesis
local.department.reportEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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