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Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone – cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals(2018) Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Hernández E.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Triana-Reina H.R.; García-Hermoso A.; Peña-Ibagon J.C.; Izquierdo M.; Cadore E.L.; Hackney A.C.; Ramírez-Vélez R.The purpose of this study was to compare the hormonal responses to one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax], interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax), resistance training (RT at 50–70% of one repetition maximum 12–15 repetitions per set with 60s of recovery) or both (HIIT+RT) exercise protocol in a cohort of physical inactivity, overweight adults (age 18–30 years old). Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial among fifty-one men (23.6 ± 3.5 yr; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2), physical inactivity (i.e., and lt;150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week for and gt;6 months), with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ?90 cm) or body mass index ?25 and ?30 kg/m 2 were randomized to the following 4 groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 14), resistance training (RT, n = 12), combined high-intensity interval and resistance training (HIIT+RT, n = 13), or non-exercising control (CON, n = 12). Cortisol, total- and free-testosterone and total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio (T/C) assessments (all in serum) were determined before (pre) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Decreases in cortisol levels were ?57.08 (95%CI, ?75.58 to ?38.58; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.61) and ? 37.65 (95%CI, ?54.36 to ?20.93; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.51) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. Increases in T/C ratio were 0.022 (95%CI, 0.012 to 0.031; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.49) and 0.015 (95%CI, 0.004 to 0.025; P = 0.007; ? 2 = 0.29) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. In per-protocol analyses revealed a significant change in cortisol levels [interaction effect F( 7.777 ), ? 2 = 0.33] and T/C ratio [interaction effect F( 5.298 ), ? 2 = 0.25] between groups over time. Additionally, we showed that in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol analyses, HIIT+RT did not change serum cortisol, total or free testosterone. The present data indicate a HIIT reduced cortisol and increased total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio levels significantly in physically inactive adults. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of these changes in hormonal responses in overweight men. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. - ÍtemAcceso AbiertoGeneral strength index and adiposity as a measure of health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia: The FUPRECOL study(2016) Pacheco-Herrera J.D.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Correa-Bautista J.E.Objective: The purposes were: a) to generate normative values of general strength index (GSI) scores of 9- to 17.9-year-olds; and b) to describe the associations between GSI and adiposity markers in healthy schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: From a total of 7,268 Colombian children and adolescents (age 9-17.9 years) taking part in the FUPRECOL study (4,139, 57% girls). A GSI score were measured using handgrip strength and standing long jump. Each of these variables was standardized as follows: standardized value = (value = mean)/SD. The GSI score was calculated as the mean of the two standardized scores and recoded into quartiles Q1 (low GSI) to Q4 (high GSI). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) by electrical bioimpedance analysis were measured such as adiposity markers. Results: The average age was 12.8 ± 2.3 years. It can be seen that the results for the boys were generally more homogeneous than for the girls, regarding muscular fitness. There was also a trend towards increased muscular strength in the boys as their age increased, whereas the girls showed stability or a slight increase in GSI. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the GSI and WtHR (r = - 0,280, p less than 0,01) and %BF (r = -0,327, p less than 0,01) in males. Participants with Q4 (high GSI), compared to those in with Q1 (low GSI), had significantly lower levels of BMI, WC, WtHR and %BF. Conclusion: This paper presents the first sex- and age-specific percentiles for general strength index score among Colombian children and adolescents aged 9-17.9 years. The testing of muscle strength at early ages should be included in health-monitoring systems. © 2016, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserverd.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAcute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study(2018) Quintero A.P.; Bonilla-Vargas K.J.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; García-Hermoso A.; Villa-González E.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Correa-Rodríguez M.; Ramírez-Vélez R.There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (?2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (?2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (?2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (?2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (?2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (?2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (?2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (?2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (?2 = 0.50), and consistency domain ?3.0 (?2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P and lt; 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoNormative reference values for handgrip strength in colombian schoolchildren: The fuprecol study(2017) Ramírez-Vélez R.; Morales O.; Peña-Ibagon J.C.; Palacios-López A.; Prieto-Benavides D.H.; Vivas A.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Lobelo F.; Alonso-Martínez A.M.; Izquierdo M.Ramírez-Vé lez, R, Morales, O, Peñ a-Ibagon, JC, Palacios- Ló pez, A, Prieto-Benavides, DH, Vivas, A, Correa-Bautista, JE, Lobelo, F, Alonso-Martínez, AM, and Izquierdo, M. Normative reference values for handgrip strength in Colombian schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL study. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 217-226, 2017-The primary aim of this study was to generate normative handgrip (HG) strength data for 10 to 17.9 year olds. The secondary aim was to determine the relative proportion of Colombian children and adolescents that fall into established Health Benefit Zones (HBZ). This cross-sectional study enrolled 7,268 schoolchildren (boys n = 3,129 and girls n = 4,139, age 12.7 [2.4] years). Handgrip was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip. Five HBZs (Needs Improvement, Fair, Good, Very Good, and Excellent) have been established that correspond to combined HG. Centile smoothed curves, percentile, and tables for the third, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile were calculated using Cole's LMS method. Handgrip peaked in the sample at 22.2 (8.9) kg in boys and 18.5 (5.5) kg in girls. The increase in HG was greater for boys than for girls, but the peak HG was lower in girls than in boys. The HBZ data indicated that a higher overall percentage of boys than girls at each age group fell into the 'Needs Improvement' zone, with differences particularly pronounced during adolescence. Our results provide, for the first time, sex-And age-specific HG reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years. © 2016 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoStages of behavior change and their correlation with alcohol, tobacco and drug use in schoolchildren aged 9 to 17 in Bogotá D.C., Colombia(2019) Núñez O.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Correa-Bautista J.E.Introduction: Psychoactive substance use is a problem that affects schoolchildren from an early age. Objective: To describe the stages of behavior change and their correlation with alcohol, tobacco and drug use in schoolchildren of Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 6 965 schoolchildren from Bogotá D.C. Behavior change was evaluated by self-report using a structured questionnaire based on the precontemplation, contemplation, preparation and action/maintenance stages of the Transtheoretical Model. Results: 58.4% of the participants were women with a mean age of 12.7±2.3 years. Regarding illicit drug use, 6% of schoolchildren were in the precontemplation stage, 44% in contemplation, 30% in preparation and 20% in action/maintenance. With respect to alcohol consumption, 5% were in precontemplation stage, 36% in contemplation, 12% in preparation and 46% in action/maintenance. Smoking showed prevalence of 4% for precontemplation, 33% for contemplation, 12% for preparation and 51% for action/maintenance. Conclusions: The use of psychoactive substances is an increasing issue among schoolchildren. Most interviewees were in the maintenance stage of tobacco and alcohol use, and in the contemplation stage of drug use. Government efforts are required to promote preventive programs in schools. © 2019, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoMethodological Characteristics and Future Directions for Plyometric Jump Training Research: A Scoping Review(2018) Ramirez-Campillo R.; Álvarez C.; García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Gentil P.; Asadi A.; Chaabene H.; Moran J.; Meylan C.; García-de-Alcaraz A.; Sanchez-Sanchez J.; Nakamura F.Y.; Granacher U.; Kraemer W.; Izquierdo M.Recently, there has been a proliferation of published articles on the effect of plyometric jump training, including several review articles and meta-analyses. However, these types of research articles are generally of narrow scope. Furthermore, methodological limitations among studies (e.g., a lack of active/passive control groups) prevent the generalization of results, and these factors need to be addressed by researchers. On that basis, the aims of this scoping review were to (1) characterize the main elements of plyometric jump training studies (e.g., training protocols) and (2) provide future directions for research. From 648 potentially relevant articles, 242 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The main issues identified related to an insufficient number of studies conducted in females, youths, and individual sports (~ 24.0, ~ 37.0, and ~ 12.0% of overall studies, respectively); insufficient reporting of effect size values and training prescription (~ 34.0 and ~ 55.0% of overall studies, respectively); and studies missing an active/passive control group and randomization (~ 40.0 and ~ 20.0% of overall studies, respectively). Furthermore, plyometric jump training was often combined with other training methods and added to participants’ daily training routines (~ 47.0 and ~ 39.0% of overall studies, respectively), thus distorting conclusions on its independent effects. Additionally, most studies lasted no longer than 7 weeks. In future, researchers are advised to conduct plyometric training studies of high methodological quality (e.g., randomized controlled trials). More research is needed in females, youth, and individual sports. Finally, the identification of specific dose-response relationships following plyometric training is needed to specifically tailor intervention programs, particularly in the long term. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoLongitudinal association between ideal cardiovascular health status and muscular fitness in adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study(2018) Agostinis-Sobrinho C.; García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Moreira C.; Lopes L.; Oliveira-Santos J.; Póvoas S.C.; Mota J.; Santos R.Background and aims: Muscular fitness is an emerging predictor for cardiovascular disease mortality. The ideal cardiovascular health metrics has been inversely related to a subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. However, evidence regarding muscular fitness and ideal cardiovascular health in adolescents is scarce. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between ideal cardiovascular health index and muscular fitness. Methods and results: This study cohort consisted of 331 adolescents (183 girls) from the LabMed Physical Activity Study who were followed from 2011 to 2013. Ideal cardiovascular health, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose) and behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, and diet). Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests assessed muscular fitness and were transformed into standardized values according to age and sex. ANCOVA showed a significant association between the accumulation of ideal cardiovascular health metrics at baseline and muscular fitness indices at follow-up (F (4, 322) = 2.280, p = 0.04). In addition, the higher the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics accumulated, the higher the likelihood of having a high muscular fitness over a two-year period (p for trend = 0.01), after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage and socioeconomic status and muscular fitness at baseline. Conclusion: The ideal cardiovascular health status during adolescence was associated with high muscular fitness levels over a two-year period. © 2018 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIndependent and combined effects of handgrip strength and adherence to a Mediterranean diet on blood pressure in Chilean children(2019) Garcia-Hermoso A.; Vegas-Heredia E.D.; Fernández-Vergara O.; Ceballos-Ceballos R.; Andrade-Schnettler R.; Arellano-Ruiz P.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the combined associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and adherence to a Mediterranean diet with blood pressure (BP) in Chilean children. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1140 children (794 boys and 346 girls) 8 to 12 y of age. HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Kidmed score. Resting BP was measured by an automated monitor using an appropriately sized cuff. Elevated BP was defined as ?90th percentile, and high HGS was defined as sex- and age-specific normative ?80th percentile for the HGS. Results: The prevalence of elevated systolic BP, diastolic BP, and overall BP were 16.6%, 12.9%, and 8.1%, respectively. HGS was negatively associated with BP parameters in an unadjusted and adjusted model after considering potential confounders (age, sex, body mass index z-score, and HGS). Regarding diet adherence, the unadjusted model reveals that children with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed lower BP levels (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) compared with children with low–medium adherence; however, these differences disappear after considering potential confounders. The combination of high HGS and optimal adherence to a Mediterranean diet was negatively associated with BP. Conclusions: Children with a high HGS levels (i.e., ?80th percentile) may somewhat overcome the deleterious effects of low adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Therefore, these findings suggest that the combination of these two components of a healthy lifestyle, especially HGS may be beneficial to children's BP. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoVertical Jump and Leg Power Normative Data for Colombian Schoolchildren Aged 9-17.9 Years: The FUPRECOL Study(2017) Ramírez-Vélez R.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Lobelo F.; Cadore E.L.; Alonso-Martinez A.M.; Izquierdo M.Ramírez-Vélez, R, Correa-Bautista, JE, Lobelo, F, Cadore, EL, Alonso-Martinez, AM, and Izquierdo, M. Vertical jump and leg power normative data for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years: the FUPRECOL study. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 990-998, 2017 - The aims of the present study were to generate normative vertical jump height and predicted peak power (P peak) data for 9- to 17.9-year-olds and to investigate between-sex and age group differences in these measures. This was a cross-sectional study of 7,614 healthy schoolchildren (boys n = 3,258 and girls n = 4,356, mean [SD] age 12.8 [2.3] years). Each participant performed 2 countermovement jumps; jump height was calculated using a Takei 5414 Jump-DF Digital Vertical (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). The highest jump was used for analysis and in the calculation of predicted P peak. Centile smoothed curves, percentiles, and tables for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles were calculated using Cole's LMS (L [curve Box-Cox], M [curve median], and S [curve coefficient of variation]) method. The 2-way analysis of variance tests showed that maximum jump height (in centimeters) and predicted P peak (in watts) were higher in boys than in girls (p less than 0.01). Post hoc analyses within sexes showed yearly increases in jump height and P peak in all ages. In boys, the maximum jump height and predicted P peak 50th percentile ranged from 24.0 to 38.0 cm and from 845.5 to 3061.6 W, respectively. In girls, the 50th percentile for jump height ranged from 22.3 to 27.0 cm, and the predicted P peak was 710.1-2036.4 W. For girls, jump height increased yearly from 9 to 17.9 years old. Our results provide, for the first time, sex- and age-specific vertical jump height and predicted P peak reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years. © 2017 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoProfile of nutritional status of children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. The FUPRECOL study(2016) Flores Navarro-Pérez C.; González-Jiménez E.; Schmidt-RioValle J.; Meneses-Echávez J.F.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Correa-Rodríguez M.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status among Colombian children and adolescents and to determine the relationship between the nutritional status according to the body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 6.383 children and adolescents with age of 9 to 17.9 years old from Bogota, Colombia. Participants completed the Krece Plus questionnaire validated by the enKid study as an indicator of the nutritional level with the following categories: high (test ? 9), medium (test 6-8) and low (test ? 5). Other measures were: weight, height, WC and BMI as markers of the nutritional status. Results: Overall, 57.9% of the participants were girls (mean age 12.7 ± 2.3 years old). The nutritional status was low without large differences by sex and decreasing by age. In all categories of BMI, over 50% of boys and girls follow lower-quality diet, shown worse with advancing age. In both sexes, trends were observed between low nutritional level with the development of overweight. Also, WC was associated with a lower score in the Krece Plus in both sexes. Conclusions: The low nutritional level is related to changes in the nutritional status (WC and BMI) in scholars from Bogota. These findings may encourage further interventions for the improvement of nutritional habits among scholars from Colombia. © 2016, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserved.
