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ÍtemSolo MetadatosCardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength as Mediators of the Influence of Fatness on Academic Achievement(2017) García-Hermoso A.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Olloquequi J.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Objective To examine the combined association of fatness and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF] and muscular strength) with academic achievement, and to determine whether CRF and muscular strength are mediators of the association between fatness and academic achievement in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from Chile. Study design Data were obtained for a sample of 36 870 adolescents (mean age, 13.8 years; 55.2% boys) from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Physical fitness tests included CRF (20-m shuttle run) and muscular strength (standing long jump). Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index and waist circumference-to-height ratio were calculated. Academic achievement in language and mathematics was assessed using standardized tests. The PROCESS script developed by Hayes was used for mediation analysis. Results Compared with unfit and high-fatness adolescents, fit and low-fatness adolescents had significantly higher odds for attaining high academic achievement in language and mathematics. However, in language, unfit and low-fatness adolescents did not have significantly higher odds for obtaining high academic achievement. Those with high fatness had higher academic achievement (both language and mathematics) if they were fit. Linear regression models suggest a partial or full mediation of physical fitness in the association of fatness variables with academic achievement. Conclusions CRF and muscular strength may attenuate or even counteract the adverse influence of fatness on academic achievement in adolescents. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.- ÍtemAcceso Abierto
Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone – cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals(2018) Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Hernández E.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Triana-Reina H.R.; García-Hermoso A.; Peña-Ibagon J.C.; Izquierdo M.; Cadore E.L.; Hackney A.C.; Ramírez-Vélez R.The purpose of this study was to compare the hormonal responses to one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax], interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax), resistance training (RT at 50–70% of one repetition maximum 12–15 repetitions per set with 60s of recovery) or both (HIIT+RT) exercise protocol in a cohort of physical inactivity, overweight adults (age 18–30 years old). Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial among fifty-one men (23.6 ± 3.5 yr; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2), physical inactivity (i.e., and lt;150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week for and gt;6 months), with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ?90 cm) or body mass index ?25 and ?30 kg/m 2 were randomized to the following 4 groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 14), resistance training (RT, n = 12), combined high-intensity interval and resistance training (HIIT+RT, n = 13), or non-exercising control (CON, n = 12). Cortisol, total- and free-testosterone and total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio (T/C) assessments (all in serum) were determined before (pre) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Decreases in cortisol levels were ?57.08 (95%CI, ?75.58 to ?38.58; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.61) and ? 37.65 (95%CI, ?54.36 to ?20.93; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.51) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. Increases in T/C ratio were 0.022 (95%CI, 0.012 to 0.031; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.49) and 0.015 (95%CI, 0.004 to 0.025; P = 0.007; ? 2 = 0.29) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. In per-protocol analyses revealed a significant change in cortisol levels [interaction effect F( 7.777 ), ? 2 = 0.33] and T/C ratio [interaction effect F( 5.298 ), ? 2 = 0.25] between groups over time. Additionally, we showed that in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol analyses, HIIT+RT did not change serum cortisol, total or free testosterone. The present data indicate a HIIT reduced cortisol and increased total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio levels significantly in physically inactive adults. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of these changes in hormonal responses in overweight men. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. - ÍtemSolo MetadatosPrevalence of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Chilean National Health Survey (2009-2010)(2018) García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Ramírez-Campillo R.; Izquierdo M.Health behaviors and risk factors are independently related with cognitive function in older adults. This study aimed at examining the prevalence and relationship between cognitive function and a number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in older adults from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean National Health Survey. Data from 460 older adults (mean age 73.5 years old, 59.3% women) from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean Health Survey were analyzed. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of the following components: four behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and three factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose). Older adults were grouped into three categories according to their number of ideal CVH metrics: ideal (5-7 metrics), intermediate (3-4 metrics), and poor (0-2 metrics). Cognitive function was assessed by using the modified Mini-Mental Status Examination (mMMSE). Of the 460 participants, 2% had 0 ideal metrics, 11.3% had 1, 23.9% had 2, 32.2% had 3, 20.7% had 4, 9.6% had 5, 0.4% had 6, and 0% had 7. Cognitive function was greater in older adults who met the ideal smoking, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose criteria. Logistic regression analysis suggested that ideal physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.411 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.209-0.807) and smoking (OR = 0.429 95% CI, 0.095-0.941) behaviors reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. Moreover, compared with a poor profile (0-2 metrics), an intermediate (3-4 metrics) (OR = 0.221 95% CI, 0.024-0.911) and ideal CVH profile (5-7 metrics) (OR = 0.106 95% CI, 0.013-0.864) reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. We found that intermediate and ideal profiles were associated with a similarly low prevalence of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosChanges in muscular fitness and its association with blood pressure in adolescents(2018) Agostinis-Sobrinho C.; Ruiz J.R.; Moreira C.; Lopes L.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; García-Hermoso A.; Mota J.; Santos R.The aims of this study were to examine the longitudinal association between muscular fitness (MF) and blood pressure (BP) 2 years later, and to determine whether changes in MF over a 2-year period were associated with BP at follow-up, in adolescents. The sample comprised 734 youths (349 girls) aged from 12 to 18 years. MF was assessed with the standing long jump and handgrip tests. Socioeconomic status, pubertal stage, waist circumference, resting BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured according to standard procedures. Regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between MF at baseline and systolic BP (? = ? 0.072; p = 0.032) and rate pressure product (? = ? 0.124; p and lt; 0.001) at follow-up, after adjustments for age, sex, height, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic status. However, when analyses were further adjusted for waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness, these associations did not remain significant. Adolescents with persistently high and increasing MF exhibited the lowest levels of diastolic BP (F (3, 721) = 3.814, p = 0.018) and systolic BP (F (3, 721) = 3.908, p = 0.014) when compared to those with persistent low MF after adjustment for age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference. Conclusion: This study suggests that persistent greater and increasing MF in youth are associated with lower levels of BP across the adolescence.What is Known:• Currently, there is a growing interest on the health benefits of muscular fitness.• Cross-sectional studies have identified an association between muscular fitness and blood pressure in adolescents.What is New:• Changes in muscular fitness during adolescence were associated with systolic and diastolic BP over a 2-year period.• Adolescents with persistently low muscular fitness exhibited the highest levels of diastolic and systolic BP. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosIdeal cardiovascular health, handgrip strength, and muscle mass among college students: The fuprecol adults study(2019) Garcia-Hermoso A.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Izquierdo M.; Tordecilla Sanders, María Alejandra; Prieto-Benavides D.; Sandoval-Cuellar C.; González-Ruíz K.; Ramírez-Vélez R.The American Heart Association established the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals to define the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the metrics needed to monitor it across populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and ideal CVH among Colombian college students. Data from 1,835 college students were analyzed (1,128 female). Muscular strength was estimated using a hand-held dynamometer and normalized to body mass (normalized grip strength [NGS]). The percentage of body fat was determined for bioelectrical impedance analysis using tetrapolar whole-body impedance. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of 4 behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Higher levels of NGS and muscle mass (relative to body mass) were associated with a higher number of ideal CVH metrics in both sexes (p for trend less than 0.001). For the total ideal CVH metrics scored on a continuous scale from 0 (all 7 poor) to 7 (all 7 ideal), a 1-metric increase was associated with reduced odds of weak NGS (33 and 36%) and low-medium muscle mass (28 and 34%) mass in men and women, respectively (all p less than 0.001). This study indicates that in Colombian college students, both handgrip strength and muscle mass are positively associated with the ideal CVH metrics. To reduce the possible future public health burden of muscular weakness, health professionals need to encourage the public to optimize lifestyle-related risk factors during the young adult stage. © 2019 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAcute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study(2018) Quintero A.P.; Bonilla-Vargas K.J.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; García-Hermoso A.; Villa-González E.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Correa-Rodríguez M.; Ramírez-Vélez R.There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (?2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (?2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (?2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (?2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (?2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (?2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (?2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (?2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (?2 = 0.50), and consistency domain ?3.0 (?2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P and lt; 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosComparison of Three Adiposity Indexes and Cutoff Values to Predict Metabolic Syndrome among University Students(2017) Correa-Bautista J.E.; González-Ruíz K.; Vivas A.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Martínez-Torres J.; Prieto-Benavides D.H.; Carrillo H.A.; Ramos-Sepúlveda J.A.; Afanador-Rodríguez M.I.; Villa-González E.; García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Purpose: Obesity and high body fat are related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all ethnic groups. Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MetS, the aim of the present study was to compare body adiposity indexes (BAIs) and to assess their various cutoff values for the prediction of MetS in university students from Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 886 volunteers (51.9% woman; age mean 21.4 years). Anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, waist circumference [WC], and hip circumference [HC]) were measured, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. MetS was defined as including ?3 of the metabolic abnormalities (WC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP]) in the definition provided by the IDF. The BAIs (i.e., BAI-HC [BAI], BAI-WC [BAI-w], and [BAI-p]) were calculated from formulas taking into account, height, weight, and WC, and for the visceral adiposity indexes, a formula, including WC, HDL-C, and triglycerides, was used. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 5.9%, higher in men than in women. The most prevalent components were low HDL-C, high triglyceride levels, WC, and BP levels. The receiver operating characteristic curves analysis showed that BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p could be useful tools to predict MetS in this population. Conclusion: For women, the optimal MetS threshold was found to be 30.34 (area under curve [AUC] = 0.720-0.863), 19.10 (AUC = 0.799-0.925), and 29.68 (AUC = 0.779-0.901), for BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p, respectively. For men, the optimal MetS threshold was found to be 27.83 (AUC = 0.726-0.873), 21.48 (AUC = 0.755-0.906), and 26.18 (AUC = 0.766-0.894), for BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p, respectively. The three indexes can be useful tools to predict MetS according to the IDF criteria in university students from Colombia. Data on larger samples are needed. © Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosMuscular Strength as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data From Approximately 2 Million Men and Women(2018) García-Hermoso A.; Cavero-Redondo I.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Ruiz J.R.; Ortega F.B.; Lee D.-C.; Martínez-Vizcaíno V.Objectives: The aims of the present systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine the relationship between muscular strength and all-cause mortality risk and to examine the sex-specific impact of muscular strength on all-cause mortality in an apparently healthy population. Data Sources: Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and SPORTDiscus databases and conducted manual searching of reference lists of selected articles. Study Selection: Eligible cohort studies were those that examined the association of muscular strength with all-cause mortality in an apparently healthy population. The hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled by using random effects meta-analysis models after assessing heterogeneity across studies. Data Extraction: Two authors independently extracted data. Data Synthesis: Thirty-eight studies with 1,907,580 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies had a total of 63,087 deaths. Higher levels of handgrip strength were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.74) compared with lower muscular strength, with a slightly stronger association in women (HR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.69) than men (HR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.77) (all P less than .001). Also, adults with higher levels of muscular strength, as assessed by knee extension strength test, had a 14% lower risk of death (HR=0.86: 95% CI, 0.80-0.93; P less than .001) compared with adults with lower muscular strength. Conclusions: Higher levels of upper- and lower-body muscular strength are associated with a lower risk of mortality in adult population, regardless of age and follow-up period. Muscular strength tests can be easily performed to identify people with lower muscular strength and, consequently, with an increased risk of mortality. © 2018 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoNormative reference values for handgrip strength in colombian schoolchildren: The fuprecol study(2017) Ramírez-Vélez R.; Morales O.; Peña-Ibagon J.C.; Palacios-López A.; Prieto-Benavides D.H.; Vivas A.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Lobelo F.; Alonso-Martínez A.M.; Izquierdo M.Ramírez-Vé lez, R, Morales, O, Peñ a-Ibagon, JC, Palacios- Ló pez, A, Prieto-Benavides, DH, Vivas, A, Correa-Bautista, JE, Lobelo, F, Alonso-Martínez, AM, and Izquierdo, M. Normative reference values for handgrip strength in Colombian schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL study. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 217-226, 2017-The primary aim of this study was to generate normative handgrip (HG) strength data for 10 to 17.9 year olds. The secondary aim was to determine the relative proportion of Colombian children and adolescents that fall into established Health Benefit Zones (HBZ). This cross-sectional study enrolled 7,268 schoolchildren (boys n = 3,129 and girls n = 4,139, age 12.7 [2.4] years). Handgrip was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip. Five HBZs (Needs Improvement, Fair, Good, Very Good, and Excellent) have been established that correspond to combined HG. Centile smoothed curves, percentile, and tables for the third, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile were calculated using Cole's LMS method. Handgrip peaked in the sample at 22.2 (8.9) kg in boys and 18.5 (5.5) kg in girls. The increase in HG was greater for boys than for girls, but the peak HG was lower in girls than in boys. The HBZ data indicated that a higher overall percentage of boys than girls at each age group fell into the 'Needs Improvement' zone, with differences particularly pronounced during adolescence. Our results provide, for the first time, sex-And age-specific HG reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years. © 2016 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosThe combined association of adherence to Mediterranean diet, muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness on low-grade inflammation in adolescents: a pooled analysis(2019) Agostinis-Sobrinho C.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; García-Hermoso A.; Rosário R.; Moreira C.; Lopes L.; Martinkenas A.; Mota J.; Santos R.Purpose: Low-grade inflammation leads to several metabolic disorders, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and muscular fitness (MF) has been considered important markers of metabolic healthy in youth. We investigated the combined association of adherence to Mediterranean diet, and muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 1462 adolescents (625 girls) aged 9–18 years from Colombia and Portugal. MedDiet was assessed by Kidmed questionnaire. Shuttle run test was used to assess CRF. MF was assessed by the standing long-jump and handgrip tests. High-sensitivity assays were used to obtain the hs-CRP level. Results: Logistic regression shows that subjects with a low adherence to MedDiet and LowMF/LowCRF had a similar odds (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–4.0) as those with an optimal adherence to MedDiet and LowMF/LowCRF (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.2–5.0) of expressing high inflammatory profile when compared to those with an optimal adherence to MedDiet and HighMF/HighCRF. In addition, ANCOVA showed that subjects classified as high adherence to MedDiet and HighMF/HighCRF had, on average, the lowest levels of hs-CRP (F(7,1454) = 2.051 p = 0.04). Conclusion: The combination of optimal levels of CRF and MF and adherence to MedDiet is associated with lower hs-CRP. However, high MF and CRF seems to counteract the deleterious effect of having a low adherence to the MedDiet on hs-CRP levels. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
