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ÍtemSolo MetadatosCardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength as Mediators of the Influence of Fatness on Academic Achievement(2017) García-Hermoso A.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Olloquequi J.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Objective To examine the combined association of fatness and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF] and muscular strength) with academic achievement, and to determine whether CRF and muscular strength are mediators of the association between fatness and academic achievement in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from Chile. Study design Data were obtained for a sample of 36 870 adolescents (mean age, 13.8 years; 55.2% boys) from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Physical fitness tests included CRF (20-m shuttle run) and muscular strength (standing long jump). Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index and waist circumference-to-height ratio were calculated. Academic achievement in language and mathematics was assessed using standardized tests. The PROCESS script developed by Hayes was used for mediation analysis. Results Compared with unfit and high-fatness adolescents, fit and low-fatness adolescents had significantly higher odds for attaining high academic achievement in language and mathematics. However, in language, unfit and low-fatness adolescents did not have significantly higher odds for obtaining high academic achievement. Those with high fatness had higher academic achievement (both language and mathematics) if they were fit. Linear regression models suggest a partial or full mediation of physical fitness in the association of fatness variables with academic achievement. Conclusions CRF and muscular strength may attenuate or even counteract the adverse influence of fatness on academic achievement in adolescents. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.- ÍtemAcceso Abierto
Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone – cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals(2018) Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Hernández E.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Triana-Reina H.R.; García-Hermoso A.; Peña-Ibagon J.C.; Izquierdo M.; Cadore E.L.; Hackney A.C.; Ramírez-Vélez R.The purpose of this study was to compare the hormonal responses to one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax], interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax), resistance training (RT at 50–70% of one repetition maximum 12–15 repetitions per set with 60s of recovery) or both (HIIT+RT) exercise protocol in a cohort of physical inactivity, overweight adults (age 18–30 years old). Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial among fifty-one men (23.6 ± 3.5 yr; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2), physical inactivity (i.e., and lt;150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week for and gt;6 months), with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ?90 cm) or body mass index ?25 and ?30 kg/m 2 were randomized to the following 4 groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 14), resistance training (RT, n = 12), combined high-intensity interval and resistance training (HIIT+RT, n = 13), or non-exercising control (CON, n = 12). Cortisol, total- and free-testosterone and total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio (T/C) assessments (all in serum) were determined before (pre) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Decreases in cortisol levels were ?57.08 (95%CI, ?75.58 to ?38.58; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.61) and ? 37.65 (95%CI, ?54.36 to ?20.93; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.51) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. Increases in T/C ratio were 0.022 (95%CI, 0.012 to 0.031; P = 0.001; ? 2 = 0.49) and 0.015 (95%CI, 0.004 to 0.025; P = 0.007; ? 2 = 0.29) in the HIIT and control group, respectively. In per-protocol analyses revealed a significant change in cortisol levels [interaction effect F( 7.777 ), ? 2 = 0.33] and T/C ratio [interaction effect F( 5.298 ), ? 2 = 0.25] between groups over time. Additionally, we showed that in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol analyses, HIIT+RT did not change serum cortisol, total or free testosterone. The present data indicate a HIIT reduced cortisol and increased total-testosterone/cortisol-ratio levels significantly in physically inactive adults. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of these changes in hormonal responses in overweight men. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. - ÍtemSolo MetadatosPrevalence of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Chilean National Health Survey (2009-2010)(2018) García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Ramírez-Campillo R.; Izquierdo M.Health behaviors and risk factors are independently related with cognitive function in older adults. This study aimed at examining the prevalence and relationship between cognitive function and a number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in older adults from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean National Health Survey. Data from 460 older adults (mean age 73.5 years old, 59.3% women) from the 2009 to 2010 Chilean Health Survey were analyzed. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of the following components: four behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and three factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose). Older adults were grouped into three categories according to their number of ideal CVH metrics: ideal (5-7 metrics), intermediate (3-4 metrics), and poor (0-2 metrics). Cognitive function was assessed by using the modified Mini-Mental Status Examination (mMMSE). Of the 460 participants, 2% had 0 ideal metrics, 11.3% had 1, 23.9% had 2, 32.2% had 3, 20.7% had 4, 9.6% had 5, 0.4% had 6, and 0% had 7. Cognitive function was greater in older adults who met the ideal smoking, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose criteria. Logistic regression analysis suggested that ideal physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.411 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.209-0.807) and smoking (OR = 0.429 95% CI, 0.095-0.941) behaviors reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. Moreover, compared with a poor profile (0-2 metrics), an intermediate (3-4 metrics) (OR = 0.221 95% CI, 0.024-0.911) and ideal CVH profile (5-7 metrics) (OR = 0.106 95% CI, 0.013-0.864) reduced the likelihood of cognitive impairment. We found that intermediate and ideal profiles were associated with a similarly low prevalence of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. © Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosChanges in muscular fitness and its association with blood pressure in adolescents(2018) Agostinis-Sobrinho C.; Ruiz J.R.; Moreira C.; Lopes L.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; García-Hermoso A.; Mota J.; Santos R.The aims of this study were to examine the longitudinal association between muscular fitness (MF) and blood pressure (BP) 2 years later, and to determine whether changes in MF over a 2-year period were associated with BP at follow-up, in adolescents. The sample comprised 734 youths (349 girls) aged from 12 to 18 years. MF was assessed with the standing long jump and handgrip tests. Socioeconomic status, pubertal stage, waist circumference, resting BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured according to standard procedures. Regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between MF at baseline and systolic BP (? = ? 0.072; p = 0.032) and rate pressure product (? = ? 0.124; p and lt; 0.001) at follow-up, after adjustments for age, sex, height, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic status. However, when analyses were further adjusted for waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness, these associations did not remain significant. Adolescents with persistently high and increasing MF exhibited the lowest levels of diastolic BP (F (3, 721) = 3.814, p = 0.018) and systolic BP (F (3, 721) = 3.908, p = 0.014) when compared to those with persistent low MF after adjustment for age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference. Conclusion: This study suggests that persistent greater and increasing MF in youth are associated with lower levels of BP across the adolescence.What is Known:• Currently, there is a growing interest on the health benefits of muscular fitness.• Cross-sectional studies have identified an association between muscular fitness and blood pressure in adolescents.What is New:• Changes in muscular fitness during adolescence were associated with systolic and diastolic BP over a 2-year period.• Adolescents with persistently low muscular fitness exhibited the highest levels of diastolic and systolic BP. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosResults from Colombia's 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth(2014) González S.A.; Sarmiento O.L.; Cohen D.D.; Camargo D.M.; Correa J.E.; Páez D.C.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Background: Physical activity (PA) is central to the global agenda for the prevention on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) Although 80% of NCDs occur in low-To-middle-income countries, the evidence on PA comes mainly from high-income countries In this context, the report card for Colombia is an advocacy tool to help in the translation of evidence into concrete actions The aims of this paper were two-fold: To present the methodology used to develop the first Report Card on Physical Activit in Colombian Children and Youth and to summarize the results. Methods: Twelve indicators of PA were graded using numerica grades (5, highest, to 1, lowest) based on data from national surveys and policy documents. Results: National policy an obesity indicators were graded '4,' while departmental policy and overweight indicators were graded '3.' Overall PA levels sports participation, sedentary behaviors and nongovernment initiatives were graded '2,' and school influence was graded '1. Active transportation, active play, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and family and community influence received an incomplete Conclusion: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth. Although the prevalenc of obesity in Colombia is lower compared with other Latin American countries, it is increasing. A rich legal framework an availability of institutional arrangements provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice tha need to be evaluated. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoGeneral strength index and adiposity as a measure of health-related physical fitness among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia: The FUPRECOL study(2016) Pacheco-Herrera J.D.; Ramírez-Vélez R.; Correa-Bautista J.E.Objective: The purposes were: a) to generate normative values of general strength index (GSI) scores of 9- to 17.9-year-olds; and b) to describe the associations between GSI and adiposity markers in healthy schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: From a total of 7,268 Colombian children and adolescents (age 9-17.9 years) taking part in the FUPRECOL study (4,139, 57% girls). A GSI score were measured using handgrip strength and standing long jump. Each of these variables was standardized as follows: standardized value = (value = mean)/SD. The GSI score was calculated as the mean of the two standardized scores and recoded into quartiles Q1 (low GSI) to Q4 (high GSI). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) by electrical bioimpedance analysis were measured such as adiposity markers. Results: The average age was 12.8 ± 2.3 years. It can be seen that the results for the boys were generally more homogeneous than for the girls, regarding muscular fitness. There was also a trend towards increased muscular strength in the boys as their age increased, whereas the girls showed stability or a slight increase in GSI. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the GSI and WtHR (r = - 0,280, p less than 0,01) and %BF (r = -0,327, p less than 0,01) in males. Participants with Q4 (high GSI), compared to those in with Q1 (low GSI), had significantly lower levels of BMI, WC, WtHR and %BF. Conclusion: This paper presents the first sex- and age-specific percentiles for general strength index score among Colombian children and adolescents aged 9-17.9 years. The testing of muscle strength at early ages should be included in health-monitoring systems. © 2016, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserverd.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosIdeal cardiovascular health, handgrip strength, and muscle mass among college students: The fuprecol adults study(2019) Garcia-Hermoso A.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Izquierdo M.; Tordecilla Sanders, María Alejandra; Prieto-Benavides D.; Sandoval-Cuellar C.; González-Ruíz K.; Ramírez-Vélez R.The American Heart Association established the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals to define the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the metrics needed to monitor it across populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and ideal CVH among Colombian college students. Data from 1,835 college students were analyzed (1,128 female). Muscular strength was estimated using a hand-held dynamometer and normalized to body mass (normalized grip strength [NGS]). The percentage of body fat was determined for bioelectrical impedance analysis using tetrapolar whole-body impedance. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of 4 behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Higher levels of NGS and muscle mass (relative to body mass) were associated with a higher number of ideal CVH metrics in both sexes (p for trend less than 0.001). For the total ideal CVH metrics scored on a continuous scale from 0 (all 7 poor) to 7 (all 7 ideal), a 1-metric increase was associated with reduced odds of weak NGS (33 and 36%) and low-medium muscle mass (28 and 34%) mass in men and women, respectively (all p less than 0.001). This study indicates that in Colombian college students, both handgrip strength and muscle mass are positively associated with the ideal CVH metrics. To reduce the possible future public health burden of muscular weakness, health professionals need to encourage the public to optimize lifestyle-related risk factors during the young adult stage. © 2019 National Strength and Conditioning Association.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAcute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study(2018) Quintero A.P.; Bonilla-Vargas K.J.; Correa-Bautista J.E.; Domínguez-Sanchéz M.A.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Velasco-Orjuela G.P.; García-Hermoso A.; Villa-González E.; Esteban-Cornejo I.; Correa-Rodríguez M.; Ramírez-Vélez R.There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (?2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (?2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (?2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (?2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (?2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (?2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (?2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (?2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (?2 = 0.50), and consistency domain ?3.0 (?2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P and lt; 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosEffects of exercise on carotid arterial wall thickness in obese pediatric populations: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(2017) García-Hermoso A.; González-Ruiz K.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Olloquequi J.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Background: In pediatric populations, the use of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of cardiovascular risk has increased. However, previous studies examining the effects of exercise training on arterial structure and function in obese children and adolescents have shown inconsistent findings. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to expand on the current body of literature by providing a quantitative estimate of the change in carotid IMT following exercise training as well as to provide an exploratory analysis of potential moderators associated with the variation in response to an exercise training intervention in overweight and obese youth. Materials and Methods: A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of exercise interventions on carotid IMT in pediatric obesity (6-18-year-olds). Hedges' g and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (303 youths) were included. Exercise was associated with a small-to-moderate but significant reduction in carotid IMT (g = -0.306; 95% CI -0.540 to -0.072; p = 0.011). Likewise, exercise program duration per week significantly influenced the effect of exercise on carotid IMT (? = -0.060; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Exercise seems to reduce carotid IMT in childhood obesity. Therefore, encouraging obese pediatric individuals to become physically active can lead to favorable changes in the arterial wall. © Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosComparison of Three Adiposity Indexes and Cutoff Values to Predict Metabolic Syndrome among University Students(2017) Correa-Bautista J.E.; González-Ruíz K.; Vivas A.; Triana-Reina H.R.; Martínez-Torres J.; Prieto-Benavides D.H.; Carrillo H.A.; Ramos-Sepúlveda J.A.; Afanador-Rodríguez M.I.; Villa-González E.; García-Hermoso A.; Ramírez-Vélez R.Purpose: Obesity and high body fat are related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all ethnic groups. Based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MetS, the aim of the present study was to compare body adiposity indexes (BAIs) and to assess their various cutoff values for the prediction of MetS in university students from Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 886 volunteers (51.9% woman; age mean 21.4 years). Anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, waist circumference [WC], and hip circumference [HC]) were measured, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. MetS was defined as including ?3 of the metabolic abnormalities (WC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP]) in the definition provided by the IDF. The BAIs (i.e., BAI-HC [BAI], BAI-WC [BAI-w], and [BAI-p]) were calculated from formulas taking into account, height, weight, and WC, and for the visceral adiposity indexes, a formula, including WC, HDL-C, and triglycerides, was used. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 5.9%, higher in men than in women. The most prevalent components were low HDL-C, high triglyceride levels, WC, and BP levels. The receiver operating characteristic curves analysis showed that BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p could be useful tools to predict MetS in this population. Conclusion: For women, the optimal MetS threshold was found to be 30.34 (area under curve [AUC] = 0.720-0.863), 19.10 (AUC = 0.799-0.925), and 29.68 (AUC = 0.779-0.901), for BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p, respectively. For men, the optimal MetS threshold was found to be 27.83 (AUC = 0.726-0.873), 21.48 (AUC = 0.755-0.906), and 26.18 (AUC = 0.766-0.894), for BAI, BAI-w, and BAI-p, respectively. The three indexes can be useful tools to predict MetS according to the IDF criteria in university students from Colombia. Data on larger samples are needed. © Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.
