, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Uribe, Mauricio, Pérez, Adriana, Sánchez, Juan F., Pinto, Luis F., Molina, José F., Londoño, Maríc C., Cadavid, Martha E., Matute, Gustavo

A cross-sectional and multicenter study was undertaken to analyze the clinical andimmunological characteristics at diagnosis associated with nephritis in northwesternColombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thirty nine patients with lupusnephritis were included and were compared to 100 SLE patients without nephritis. A multivariateanalysis was performed. The patients who developed nephritis had a higher frequency of oralulcers (41% vs. 21%, OR=3.1, 95%CI: 1.3-7.5 p= 0.01) and malar erythema (77% vs. 45%,OR=4.4, 95%CI: 1.8-10.8 p=0.001). Lupus nephritis was observed in 77% of cases during thefirst year of the disease. The frequency of anti-DNA antibodies was higher in patients withnephritis, however, differences were not statistically significant (83% vs 64%, OR=2.6, 95%CI:1.03-6.41, p=0.06). The presence of other autoantibodies (anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-RNP, anti-Smand anticardiolipin) at diagnosis was similar in both groups. This autoantibody profile remainedunchanged throughout the evolution of the disease. Patients with lupus nephritis had a higherprevalence of arterial hypertension (60% vs 10%, OR=13.7, 95%IC: 5-37, p=0.00001) andhyperlipidemia (30% vs 7%, OR=8.1, 95%IC: 2.5-27, p=0.0006) at onset. Finally, patients withlupus nephritis required more hospitalizations (>1) over the course of disease (89% vs 60%,OR=7.8, 95%CI: 2.1–29, p=0.002). In conclusion, lupus nephritis appears early during thecourse of SLE. Malar erythema, oral ulcers, hypertension and hyperlipidemia at onset of diseaseare associated factors. Lupus nephritis is a major risk factor leading to repeatedhospitalizations. This study may help to assist in public health policies in our population inorder to improve patient outcomes while simultaneously reducing disease costs.

2017, Becerra Narváez, Ibelice, Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique

Background: Both fetal growth restriction and prematurity have been associated with cardiometabolic risk in youth and adults, however, their combined effects on youth cardiometabolic health are scarce. Aims: This study aimed at assessing the effects of birth weight and gestational age combined on life-course cardiovascular risk factors and obesity among schoolchildren from Colombia. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Subjects: Participants comprised 2, 510 Colombian schoolchildren (54. 8% girls) aged 9-17. 9 years. Outcome measures: Four groups were created according to WHO criteria: those born at term with an appropriate birth weight (≥ 2, 500g to ≤ 4, 000g) for gestational age (term AGA); those born preterm (< 37 to < 42 completed weeks) with an appropriate birth weight for gestational age (preterm AGA); those born at term with low birth weight for gestational age (term SGA); and those born preterm with low birth weight for gestational age (preterm SGA). Anthropometric markers (body mass, height, waist circumference, and body mass index), blood pressure, lipids profile, fasting glucose, and pubertal stage were assessed. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by de Ferranti definition. Results: There were differences between groups for age (p=0. 011), body mass (p=0. 001), height (p=0. 001), and body mass index (p=0. 027). Overall, preterm SGA group had a greater risk for having elevated fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome (total sample and in boys) compared with term AGA group (p< 0. 05). For other cardiovascular risk factors, no significant relationships were observed based on birth characteristics. Conclusions: School-age children and adolescents with combined fetal growth restriction and prematurity exhibited an increased prevalence of glucose risk and metabolic syndrome.

2013, Amaya-Amaya, Jenny-Carolina, Sarmiento Monroy, Juan Camilo, Caro-Moreno, Julián, Molano González, Nicolás, Mantilla, Rubén D., Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana, Anaya, Juan-Manuel

Objective. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Latin American (LA) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. First, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 310 Colombian patients with SLE in whom CVD was assessed. Associated factors were examined by multivariate regression analyses. Second, a systematic review of the literature on CVD in SLE in LA was performed. Results. There were 133 (36.5%) Colombian SLE patients with CVD. Dyslipidemia, smoking, coffee consumption, and pleural effusion were positively associated with CVD. An independent effect of coffee consumption and cigarette on CVD was found regardless of gender and duration of disease. In the systematic review, 60 articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included. A wide range of CVD prevalence was found (4%–79.5%). Several studies reported ancestry, genetic factors, and polyautoimmunity as novel risk factors for such a condition.Conclusions. A high rate of CVD is observed in LA patients with SLE. Awareness of the observed risk factors should encourage preventive population strategies for CVD in patients with SLE aimed at facilitating the suppression of cigarette smoking and coffee consumption as well as at the tight control of dyslipidemia and other modifiable risk factors.

2018, Montoya Hurtado, Laura Cristina, Barrero Farfán, María, Hernández Triana, Eric

Summary: Menarche is an important event in the life of all women, demarcates culturally and physiologically the transition to a reproductive life, however may vary by biological factors, those initially given by the genetic factors, and subsequently by other factors such as body weight, nutrition and environmental factors; a sable socioeconomic stratum, climate, ethnicities, among others. Studies worldwide have determined an advance in the age of presentation: Norwegians, Finns and North Americans observed an advance menarche in 0.3 years for each decade22. In Colombia, there is only one study titled Trends and correlations of age in menarche in Colombia: results of a representative survey at the national level that examines the trend and correlates sociodemographic analysis of the age of menarche of Colombian girls. Where I know concluded that it had a decrease of approximately 0.54 years / decade (P <0.001); However, only 1 decade (1992-2000) was used for the comparison, and they were all teenagers11. It is also known that the woman with the The greatest risk in life and especially after 45 years suffer cardiovascular diseases and in some studies it has been achieved that The early presentation of menarche has a part of these risk factors. A British study, from the University of Cambridge, shows that women who have menarche before age 12 present greater risk throughout their life of experiencing a myocardial infarction or cerebral ischemic event. : Further have a higher risk of death of 22% for all causes, of 28% in cardiovascular disease and 25% of cancer 20, 21. Objective: To establish the variation in the age of menarche in the last 60 years and explore the cardiovascular risk associated with menarche in older women 45 years. Methodology Exploratory cross-sectional study with analytical component of patients who attend the Endocare Endocrinology Institute in Bogotá, will include women born in Colombia between 1947 and 2010, grouping them for decades and selecting according to the sample in a random way. They were extracted of the clinical history the age of the menarche and search of the proposed variables to meet the objectives. The information was exported to the statistical software Stata V12 ® where the statistical analyzes were performed. Results: In the group of patients studied a difference was evidenced significant in the age of menarche according to the decade of birth, evidencing a lower age in the most recent decades. With the passage of decade the age of menarche has been reduced by 0.47 times the age of women. The age of the presentation of menarche in decades 1940 and 1950 the average age of menarche was 12.5 years, and in the decades 1990 and 2000 the average age is 12 with a difference of 0.5 months with a p statistically significant 0.0002. There was no relationship between the age of menarche and the presence of factors of Metabolic risk in the participants (this analysis included only people older than 45 years); but it was found in women with early menarche higher proportion of obesity than in those with menarche at normal and late ages (57.14%, 26.8%, 38.8%), with a statistically significant P (p = 0.036). Conclusion: The present study was consistent with other studies in the variation associated with an increasingly younger age of menarche. It draws attention that the epidemiological change described in other countries where it has already reached plateau as in North America in the 1960s and Europe in 1994, our findings show that in Colombia the descent continues on a slope and without approaching a plateau, it is also very clear that unlike the United States and Europe it mark in a significant way the difference in the descent and this merits other studies to determine the veracity and the cause of this behavior. At the level of the exploration in the cardiovascular risk it was not found important differences, only in women with early menarche greater proportion of obesity. Limitations: Being a study of a single site in Bogotá that has a population of strata 3 to 6, only includes a part of the Colombian population, and as for the Approximation of cardiovascular risk requires further studies focused on patients with extreme changes of menarche.

2007, Bautista Murcia, Luis, León Cuéllar, Diana Marcela