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Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stage Antimalarial Vaccines: An Analysis of Ongoing Clinical Trials and New Perspectives Related to Synthetic Vaccines

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dc.creatorSalamanca, David Ricardospa
dc.creatorGómez, Marcelaspa
dc.creatorCamargo, Annyspa
dc.creatorCuy-Chaparro, Lauraspa
dc.creatorMolina-Franky, Jessicaspa
dc.creatorReyes, Césarspa
dc.creatorPatarroyo, Manuel A.
dc.creatorPatarroyo, Manuel Elkinspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-26T00:08:31Z
dc.date.available2020-05-26T00:08:31Z
dc.date.created2019spa
dc.description.abstractPlasmodium falciparum malaria is a disease causing high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Candidates have been identified for vaccines targeting the parasite’s blood stage; this stage is important in the development of symptoms and clinical complications. However, no vaccine that can directly affect morbidity and mortality rates is currently available. This review analyzes the formulation, methodological design, and results of active clinical trials for merozoite-stage vaccines, regarding their safety profile, immunological response (phase Ia/Ib), and protective efficacy levels (phase II). Most vaccine candidates are in phase I trials and have had an acceptable safety profile. GMZ2 has made the greatest progress in clinical trials; its efficacy has been 14% in children aged less than 5 years in a phase IIb trial. Most of the available candidates that have shown strong immunogenicity and that have been tested for their protective efficacy have provided good results when challenged with a homologous parasite strain; however, their efficacy has dropped when they have been exposed to a heterologous strain. In view of these vaccines’ unpromising results, an alternative approach for selecting new candidates is needed; such line of work should be focused on how to increase an immune response induced against the highly conserved (i.e., common to all strains), functionally relevant, protein regions that the parasite uses to invade target cells. Despite binding regions tending to be conserved, they are usually poorly antigenic and/or immunogenic, being frequently discarded as vaccine candidates when the conventional immunological approach is followed. The Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC) has developed a logical and rational methodology based on including conserved high-activity binding peptides (cHABPs) from the main P. falciparum biologically functional proteins involved in red blood cell (RBC) invasion. Once appropriately modified (mHABPs), these minimal, subunit-based, chemically synthesized peptides can be used in a system covering the human immune system’s main genetic variables (the human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR isotype) inducing a suitable, immunogenic, and protective immune response in most of the world’s populations. © Copyright © 2019 Salamanca, Gómez, Camargo, Cuy-Chaparro, Molina-Franky, Reyes, Patarroyo and Patarroyo.eng
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02712
dc.identifier.issn1664302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/24091
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.A.spa
dc.relation.citationTitleFrontiers in Microbiology
dc.relation.citationVolumeVol. 10
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Microbiology, ISSN:1664302X, Vol.10,(2019)spa
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076945544&doi=10.3389%2ffmicb.2019.02712&partnerID=40&md5=5c72db0f3d6039db49883eead08f426aspa
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosariospa
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURspa
dc.subject.keywordAma 1 dico vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordAma1 dico vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordBk se36 vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordErythrocyte binding protein 175 r2 ng vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordGmz2 vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordMalaria vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordMsp3 lsp vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordMva rh5 vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordP27a vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordPfpebs vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordPlacental malaria vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordRecombinant vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordUnclassified drugspa
dc.subject.keywordVirus vectorspa
dc.subject.keywordBioinformaticsspa
dc.subject.keywordConformational transitionspa
dc.subject.keywordCytokine releasespa
dc.subject.keywordDna polymorphismspa
dc.subject.keywordEmulsionspa
dc.subject.keywordGene expression systemspa
dc.subject.keywordGrowth inhibitionspa
dc.subject.keywordHumanspa
dc.subject.keywordHumoral immunityspa
dc.subject.keywordImmune responsespa
dc.subject.keywordImmunizationspa
dc.subject.keywordImmunogenicityspa
dc.subject.keywordMalaria falciparumspa
dc.subject.keywordNonhumanspa
dc.subject.keywordPhase 1 clinical trial (topic)spa
dc.subject.keywordPhase 2 clinical trial (topic)spa
dc.subject.keywordReviewspa
dc.subject.keywordSeroconversionspa
dc.subject.keywordVaccinationspa
dc.subject.keywordAntimalarial vaccinespa
dc.subject.keywordClinical trialspa
dc.subject.keywordImmunogenicityspa
dc.subject.keywordMalariaspa
dc.subject.keywordMerozoitespa
dc.subject.keywordPlasmodium falciparumspa
dc.subject.keywordVaccinespa
dc.titlePlasmodium falciparum Blood Stage Antimalarial Vaccines: An Analysis of Ongoing Clinical Trials and New Perspectives Related to Synthetic Vaccinesspa
dc.typearticleeng
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.spaArtículospa
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