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Precisión Diagnóstica y Utilidad Clínica de las Pruebas de Tamizaje y Diagnóstico para la Detección del Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en Mujeres Adultas : Una Revisión Sistemática.
Título de la revista
Autores
Riaño Rincón, Magda Flor
Romero, Santiago
Fecha
2025-08-06
Directores
Ospina Medina, María Cristina
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Editor
Universidad del Rosario
Universidad CES. Facultad de Medicina
Universidad CES. Facultad de Medicina
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Resumen
El Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) es la infección por transmisión se- xual (ITS) más frecuente y un factor clave en el desarrollo del cáncer de cuello uterino. La citología, presenta limitaciones de sensibilidad, ya que los resultados del examen ci- tológico dependen de la experiencia de los profesionales para su interpretación, lo que deriva en el uso de pruebas moleculares más precisas. Esta revisión sistemática evalúa la precisión diagnóstica y la utilidad clínica de las pruebas actuales para detectar VPH en mujeres adultas.
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and a key factor in the development of cervical cancer. Although cytology (Pap smear) is widely used, it has limitations in sensitivity, which has driven the adoption of more accurate molecular tests. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accu- racy and clinical utility of current HPV tests in adult women. Methodology: Primary stud- ies published between 2020 and 2025 in English or Spanish were reviewed, assessing diagnostic or screening tests in women ≥18 years old. Studies reporting sensitivity, spec- ificity, PPV, NPV, and clinical utility were included. The search was conducted across six databases, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and tools such as QUADAS-2 and RoB 2.0 were used to assess bias risk. Results: Out of 385 articles, six studies were included. Molecular tests (Cobas 4800, HC2, 16/18 genotyping) demonstrated higher sensitivity (87.5%–95.5%) than cytology (49.7%–66.7%) and an NPV ≥99%. Self-sampling was ef- fective and well-accepted. A meta-analysis was not performed due to study heterogeneity. Conclusions: Molecular tests outperform cytology in sensitivity and clinical utility, partic- ularly for detecting high-grade cervical lesions. Self-sampling and genotyping improve coverage and risk stratification. The evidence supports the use of HPV testing as a pri- mary screening method.
Palabras clave
Virus del Papiloma Humano , VPH , Tamizaje , Diagnóstico , Sensibilidad , Especificidad , Utilidad clínica , Citología , Pruebas moleculares , Revisión sistemática
Keywords
Human Papillomavirus , HPV , Screening , Diagnosis , Sensitivity , Specificity , Clinical utility , Cytology , Molecular testing , Systematic review
