Ítem
Acceso Abierto
State of Wildfires 2024–2025
| dc.creator | Kelley, Douglas I. | |
| dc.creator | Burton, Chantelle | |
| dc.creator | Di Giuseppe, Francesca | |
| dc.creator | Jones, Matthew W. | |
| dc.creator | Barbosa, Maria L. F. | |
| dc.creator | Brambleby, Esther | |
| dc.creator | McNorton, Joe R. | |
| dc.creator | Liu, Zhongwei | |
| dc.creator | Bradley, Anna S. I. | |
| dc.creator | Blackford, Katie | |
| dc.creator | Burke, Eleanor | |
| dc.creator | Ciavarella, Andrew | |
| dc.creator | Tomaso, Enza Di | |
| dc.creator | Eden, Jonathan | |
| dc.creator | M. Ferreira, Igor José | |
| dc.creator | Fiedler, Lukas | |
| dc.creator | Hartley, Andrew J. | |
| dc.creator | Keeping, Theodore R. | |
| dc.creator | Lampe, Seppe | |
| dc.creator | Lombardi, Anna | |
| dc.creator | Mataveli, Guilherme | |
| dc.creator | Qu, Yuquan | |
| dc.creator | Silva, Patrícia S. | |
| dc.creator | Spuler, Fiona R. | |
| dc.creator | Steinmann, Carmen B. | |
| dc.creator | Torres-Vázquez, Miguel Ángel | |
| dc.creator | Veiga, Renata | |
| dc.creator | Van Wees, Dave | |
| dc.creator | Wessel, Jakob B. | |
| dc.creator | Wright, Emily | |
| dc.creator | Bilbao, Bibiana | |
| dc.creator | Bourbonnais, Mathieu | |
| dc.creator | Gao, Cong | |
| dc.creator | Di Bella, Carlos M. | |
| dc.creator | Dintwe, Kebonye | |
| dc.creator | Donovan, Victoria M. | |
| dc.creator | Harris, Sarah | |
| dc.creator | Kukavskaya, Elena A. | |
| dc.creator | N’Dri, Aya Brigitte | |
| dc.creator | Santín, Cristina | |
| dc.creator | Selaya, Galia | |
| dc.creator | Sjöström, Johan | |
| dc.creator | Abatzoglou, John T. | |
| dc.creator | Andela, Niels | |
| dc.creator | Carmenta, Rachel | |
| dc.creator | Chuvieco, Emilio | |
| dc.creator | Giglio, Louis | |
| dc.creator | Hamilton, Douglas S. | |
| dc.creator | Hantson, Stijn | |
| dc.creator | Meier, Sarah | |
| dc.creator | Parrington, Mark | |
| dc.creator | Sadegh, Mojtaba | |
| dc.creator | San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus | |
| dc.creator | Sedano, Fernando | |
| dc.creator | Turco, Marco | |
| dc.creator | Van der Werf, Guido R. | |
| dc.creator | Veraverbeke, Sander | |
| dc.creator | Anderson, Liana O. | |
| dc.creator | Clarke, Hamish | |
| dc.creator | Fernandes, Paulo M. | |
| dc.creator | Kolden, Crystal A. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-26T14:34:05Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-26T14:34:05Z | |
| dc.date.created | 2025-08-12 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-10-16 | |
| dc.description | El cambio climático está incrementando la frecuencia e intensidad de los incendios forestales extremos a escala global, aunque la comprensión de estos eventos de alto impacto sigue siendo desigual y condicionada por la atención mediática y los sesgos regionales en la investigación. El proyecto State of Wildfires monitorea sistemáticamente la actividad global y regional de incendios en cada temporada anual, analiza las causas de los eventos extremos más relevantes y evalúa la probabilidad de que se repitan bajo distintos escenarios climáticos futuros. Este segundo informe anual abarca la temporada de incendios comprendida entre marzo de 2024 y febrero de 2025. Durante este periodo, las emisiones globales de carbono asociadas a incendios alcanzaron 2,2 PgC, un 9 % por encima del promedio histórico y el sexto valor más alto desde 2003, pese a que el área quemada global fue inferior a la media. Temporadas extremas en los bosques tropicales y humedales de Sudamérica, así como en los bosques boreales de Canadá, contribuyeron de forma decisiva al aumento de las emisiones. Los incendios provocaron numerosas víctimas mortales, evacuaciones masivas, pérdidas económicas significativas y una elevada exposición de la población a contaminantes atmosféricos peligrosos. El análisis de cuatro episodios extremos reveló que las condiciones meteorológicas anómalas, la disponibilidad de combustible y las igniciones humanas fueron factores clave, con la sequía prolongada como principal impulsor en regiones tropicales y la combinación de calor extremo, viento y acumulación de combustible en California. Los estudios de atribución muestran que el cambio climático ha incrementado notablemente la probabilidad de condiciones meteorológicas favorables a incendios extremos y el área quemada en todas las regiones analizadas. Las proyecciones indican que, bajo escenarios de emisiones medias-altas, la frecuencia de eventos similares aumentará de forma significativa hacia finales de siglo, mientras que una mitigación climática ambiciosa podría limitar sustancialmente estos riesgos. El informe integra observaciones y modelos avanzados para apoyar políticas de preparación, mitigación y adaptación frente al creciente peligro de los incendios forestales. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme wildfires globally, yet our under standing of these high-impact events remains uneven and shaped by media attention and regional research biases. The State of Wildfires project systematically tracks global and regional fire activity of each annual fire season, analyses the causes of prominent extreme wildfire events, and projects the likelihood of similar events occurring in future climate scenarios. This, its second annual report, covers the March 2024 to February 2025 fire season. During the 2024–2025 fire season, fire-related carbon (C) emissions totalled 2.2PgC, 9% above average and the sixth highest on record since 2003, despite below-average global burned area (BA). Extreme fire seasons in South America’s rainforests, dry forests, and wetlands and in Canada’s boreal forests pushed up the global C emissions total. Fire C emissions were over 4 times above average in Bolivia, 3 times above average in Canada, and ∼50% above average in Brazil and Venezuela. Wildfires in 2024–2025 caused100fatalities in Nepal, 34 in South Africa, and 31 in Los Angeles, with additional fatalities reported in Canada, Côte d’Ivoire, Portugal, and Türkiye. The Eaton and Palisades fires in Southern California caused 150000 evacuations and USD140 billion in damages. Communities in Brazil, Bolivia, Southern California, and northern India were exposed to fine particulate matter at concentrations 13–60 times WHO’s daily air quality standards. We evaluated the causes and predictability of four extreme wildfire episodes from the 2024–2025 fire season, including in Northeast Amazonia (January March 2024), the Pantanal–Chiquitano border regions of Brazil and Bolivia (August–September 2024), Southern California (January 2025), and the Congo Basin (July–August 2024). Anomalous weather created conditions for these regional extremes, while fuel availability and human ignitions shaped spatial patterns and temporal fire dynamics. In the three tropical regions, prolonged drought was the dominant fire enabler, whereas in California, extreme heat, wind, and antecedent fuel build-up were compounding enablers. Our attribution analyses show that climate change made extreme fire weather in Northeast Amazonia 30–70 times more likely, increasing BA roughly 4-fold compared to a scenario without climate change. In the Pantanal–Chiquitano, fire weather was 4–5 times more likely, with 35-fold increases in BA. Meanwhile, our analyses suggest that BA was 25 times higher in Southern California due to climate change. The Congo Basin’s fire weather was 3–8 times more likely with climate change, with a 2.7-fold increase in BA. Socioeconomic changes since the pre-industrial period, including land-use change, also likely increased BA in Northeast Amazonia. Our models project that events on the scale of 2024–2025 will become up to 57%, 34%, and 50% more frequent than in the modern era in Northeast Ama zonia, the Pantanal–Chiquitano, and the Congo Basin, respectively, under a medium–high scenario (SSP370) by 2100. Climate action can limit the added risk, with frequency increases held to below 15% in all three re gions under a strong mitigation scenario (SSP126). In Southern California, the future trajectory of extreme fire likelihood remains highly uncertain due to poorly constrained climate–vegetation–fire interactions influencing fuel moisture, though our models suggest that risk may decline in future. This annual report from the State of Wildfires project integrates and advances cutting-edge fire observations and modelling with regional expertise to track changing global wildfire hazard, guiding policy and practice towards improved preparedness, mitigation, adaptation, and societal benefit. Thirteen new datasets and model codebases presented in this work are available from the State of Wildfires Project’s Zenodo community, including updated annual statistics on wildfire extent (Jones et al., 2025; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15525674), outputs from modelling of fire causality using PoF model (Di Giuseppe, 2025; https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8570224.v1) and codebase for the extreme event attribution/projections model, ConFLAME (Barbosa et al., 2025a, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16790787). | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47308 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International | * |
| dc.rights.accesRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.acceso | Abierto (Texto completo) | spa |
| dc.rights.licencia | EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos. | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ | * |
| dc.source.bibliographicCitation | Abatzoglou, J. T., Williams, A. P., and Barbero, R.: Global Emergence of Anthropogenic Climate Change in Fire Weather Indices, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080959, 2019. | |
| dc.source.bibliographicCitation | Abatzoglou, J. T., Smith, C. M., Swain, D. L., Ptak, T., and Kolden, C. A.: Population exposure to pre-emptive de-energization aimed at averting wildfires in Northern California, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 094046, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba135, 2020. | |
| dc.source.bibliographicCitation | Abatzoglou, J. T., Juang, C. S., Williams, A. P., Kolden, C. A., and Westerling, A. L.: Increasing Synchronous Fire Danger in Forests of the Western United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091377, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091377, 2021. | |
| dc.source.bibliographicCitation | Abatzoglou, J. T., Kolden, C. A., Cullen, A. C., Sadegh, M., Williams, E. L., Turco, M., and Jones, M. W.: Climate change has increased the odds of extreme regional forest fire years glob ally, Nat. Commun., 16, 6390, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467 025-61608-1, 2025. | |
| dc.source.bibliographicCitation | Abram, N. J., Henley, B. J., Sen Gupta, A., Lippmann, T. J. R., Clarke, H., Dowdy, A. J., Sharples, J. J., Nolan, R. H., Zhang, T., Wooster, M. J., Wurtzel, J. B., Meissner, K. J., Pitman, A. J., Ukkola, A. M., Murphy, B. P., Tapper, N. J., and Boer, M. M.: Connections of climate change and variability to large and extreme forest fires in southeast Australia, Commun. Earth Env iron., 2, 8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00065-8, 2021. | |
| dc.source.instname | instname:Universidad del Rosario | spa |
| dc.source.reponame | reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR | spa |
| dc.subject | Incendios forestales extremos | |
| dc.subject | Cambio climático | |
| dc.subject | Emisiones de carbono | |
| dc.subject | Área quemada | |
| dc.subject | Riesgo de incendios | |
| dc.subject | Atribución climática | |
| dc.subject | Sequías | |
| dc.subject | Meteorología extrema | |
| dc.subject | Impactos socioambientales | |
| dc.subject | Calidad del aire | |
| dc.subject | Modelización climática | |
| dc.subject | Mitigación y adaptación | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Extreme wildfires | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Climate change | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Carbon emissions | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Burned area | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Fire risk | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Climate attribution | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Droughts | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Extreme weather | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Socio-environmental impacts | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Air quality | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Climate modeling | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Mitigation and adaptation | |
| dc.title | State of Wildfires 2024–2025 | |
| dc.type | journalArticle | |
| dc.type.hasVersion | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.type.spa | Artículo |
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