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The significance of meristic changes in the flowers of Sapotaceae

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dc.creatorKümpers, Britta M. C.spa
dc.creatorRichardson, James-Edwardspa
dc.creatorAnderberg, Arne A.spa
dc.creatorWilkie, Peterspa
dc.creatorDe Craene, Louis P. Ronsespa
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-26T00:03:31Z
dc.date.available2020-05-26T00:03:31Z
dc.date.created2016spa
dc.description.abstractSapotaceae belongs to the heterogeneous order Ericales and exhibits extensive diversity in floral morphology. Although pentamery is widespread and probably the ancestral condition, some clades are extremely variable in merism, with fluctuations between tetramery to hexamery and octomery, affecting different floral organs to different degrees. We assessed the different states of merism in Sapotaceae to determine the evolution of this character among different clades. The floral morphology and development of nine species from eight genera were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, floral characters related to merism were mapped onto a phylogenetic tree to analyse the distribution and evolutionary significance of merism in the family. Developmental evidence shows that changes in merism are linked to a concerted multiplication of organs among whorls and an increase in whorls through the displacement of organs. Although pentamery is reconstructed as the ancestral condition, a reduction to tetramery or an increase to a higher merism (mainly hexamery or octomery) has evolved at least five times in the family. Fluctuations in merism between different whorls are not random but occur in a coordinated pattern, presenting strong synapomorphies for selected clades. Octomery has evolved at least twice, in Isonandreae from tetramery and in Sapoteae-Mimusopinae from pentamery. Hexamery has evolved at least three times, independently in Northia, the Palaquium clade of Isonandreae and derived from octomery in Sapoteae-Mimusopinae. Three possibilities of merism increase have been identified in Sapotaceae: (1) a concerted increase affecting all organs more or less equally (Palaquium clade of Isonandreae, Sapoteae); (2) a coordinated increase in petals, stamens and mostly carpels without effect on sepals (Labourdonnaisia, Payena-Madhuca clade of Isonandreae); (3) an increase in carpels independently of other organs (Burckella, Letestua, Labramia, etc.). A major shift affecting all Sapotaceae, except Isonandreae, is the sterilization or loss of the antesepalous stamen whorl. The presence of two fertile stamen whorls in Isonandreae indicates a possible reversal or a retained plesiomorphy. In a number of genera, stamens are secondarily increased independently of changes in merism. Descriptions of flowers listing only organ numbers are thus misleading in the inference of evolutionary relationships, as they do not differentiate between changes in merism affecting the number of perianth whorls and other changes affecting the androecium, such as sterilization, loss or occasional doubling of antepetalous stamens. © 2016 The Linnean Society of London.eng
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12363
dc.identifier.issn10958339
dc.identifier.issn00244074
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/23601
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherBlackwell Publishing Ltdspa
dc.relation.citationEndPage192
dc.relation.citationIssueNo. 2
dc.relation.citationStartPage161
dc.relation.citationTitleBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society
dc.relation.citationVolumeVol. 180
dc.relation.ispartofBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society, ISSN:10958339, 00244074, Vol.180, No.2 (2016); pp. 161-192spa
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955343326&doi=10.1111%2fboj.12363&partnerID=40&md5=ff7992d2c7f566556a68a0db28adca56spa
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosariospa
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURspa
dc.subject.keywordBurckellaspa
dc.subject.keywordEricalesspa
dc.subject.keywordLabramiaspa
dc.subject.keywordMadhucaspa
dc.subject.keywordPalaquiumspa
dc.subject.keywordPayenaspa
dc.subject.keywordSapotaceaespa
dc.subject.keywordAndroeciumspa
dc.subject.keywordChrysophylloideaespa
dc.subject.keywordDoublingspa
dc.subject.keywordFloral evolutionspa
dc.subject.keywordFloral morphologyspa
dc.subject.keywordMerismspa
dc.subject.keywordMolecular systematicsspa
dc.subject.keywordOrgan numberspa
dc.subject.keywordSapotoideaespa
dc.subject.keywordStaminodesspa
dc.titleThe significance of meristic changes in the flowers of Sapotaceaespa
dc.typearticleeng
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.spaArtículospa
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