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Factores asociados con el número de eventos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de la salud: estudio transversal sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en Bogotá Cundinamarca y Boyacá , Colombia, durante la pandemia por COVID-19

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dc.contributor.advisorBriceño Ayala, Leonardo
dc.contributor.advisorBuitrago Medina, Daniel Alejandro
dc.creatorLondoño Rodríguez, María Camila
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Salud Pública
dc.creator.degreeLevelMaestría
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-18T20:19:39Z
dc.date.available2026-02-18T20:19:39Z
dc.date.created2026-01-30
dc.descriptionLa pandemia de COVID-19 afectó profundamente a los trabajadores de la salud, grupo de alta vulnerabilidad. Globalmente, la seroprevalencia estimada fue del 11%, con variaciones geográficas y ocupacionales; en Colombia, algunos estudios reportaron hasta 35%. Aunque los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) en bioseguridad influyen en la prevención, su relación con infecciones repetidas por SARS-CoV-2 permanece poco explorada en el contexto nacional. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre CAP en bioseguridad y el número de episodios de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de salud de 12 instituciones colombianas durante la pandemia. Metodología: Estudio transversal con 371 participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario CAP validado que incluyó variables sociodemográficas, laborales y antecedentes infecciosos. El análisis incluyó una fase descriptiva, seguida de análisis bivariado y multivariada mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados: Predominaron mujeres (80,3%), mediana de edad 36 años; 27,9% en áreas de alta exposición. Se observaron niveles adecuados de conocimientos y actitudes, pero las prácticas respiratorias determinaron el riesgo de infecciones repetidas. En el modelo multivariado la reutilización de mascarillas incrementó el riesgo en 65% (IRR 1.65 IC 95% 1,07-2,55; p=0,025), mientras que el fit test lo redujo en ≈57,7% (IRR 0.42 IC 95% 0,20-0,92; p=0,029). Conclusiones: Las prácticas de bioseguridad respiratoria fueron clave en el número de reinfecciones. Se recomienda fortalecer la disponibilidad de equipos de protección y programas institucionales de prueba de ajusta del respirador para mejorar la seguridad laboral.
dc.description.abstractThe COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted healthcare workers, a highly vulnerable group. Globally, the estimated seroprevalence was 11%, with variations by geography and occupation; in Colombia, some studies reported up to 35%. Although knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in biosafety influence preventive behavior, their relationship with repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections remains underexplored in the national context. Objective: To analyze the association between KAP in biosafety and the number of SARS-CoV-2 infection episodes among healthcare workers from 12 health institutions in Colombia during the pandemic. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 371 participants. A validated KAP questionnaire was applied, including sociodemographic, occupational variables, and COVID-19 infection history. Statistical analysis included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate phases using negative binomial regression to identify factors associated with infection episodes. Results: Participants were 80.3% female, median age 36 years; 27.9% worked in high-exposure areas. Adequate knowledge and attitudes were observed, but respiratory protection practices determined the risk of repeated infections. In the multivariate model, mask reuse increased risk by 65% (IRR 1.65 95% CI 1.07-2.55; p=0.025), while respirator fit testing reduced it by ≈57.7% (IRR 0.42 95% CI 0.20-0.92; p=0.029). Conclusions: Respiratory biosafety practices were key in the risk of reinfections. Strengthening PPE availability and institutional fit testing programs is recommended to enhance occupational safety.
dc.format.extent68 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_47560
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47560
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Salud Pública
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)
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dc.source.bibliographicCitationRadonovich, Lewis J., Jr; Simberkoff, Michael S.; Bessesen, Mary T.; Brown, Alexandria C.; Cummings, Derek A. T.; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Los, Jenna G.; Krosche, Amanda E.; Gibert, Cynthia L.; Gorse, Geoffrey J.; Nyquist, Ann-Christine; Reich, Nicholas G.; Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C.; Price, Connie Savor; Perl, Trish M.; for the ResPECT investigators (2019) N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial. En: JAMA. Vol. 322; No. 9; pp. 824 - 833; 0098-7484; Consultado en: 2026/01/26/03:23:06. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.11645. Disponible en: 10.1001/jama.2019.11645.
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dc.source.bibliographicCitation PRUEBAS DE AJUSTE DE LOS RESPIRADORES | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Consultado en: 2026/02/06/16:59:47. Disponible en: https://www.osha.gov/video/respiratory-protection/fit-testing/transcript-sp?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectConocimientos
dc.subjectActitudes
dc.subjectPrácticas
dc.subjectPersonal de salud
dc.subjectInfección por SARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectDispositivos de protección respiratoria
dc.subject.keywordCOVID-19
dc.subject.keywordKnowledge
dc.subject.keywordAttitudes
dc.subject.keywordPractices
dc.subject.keywordHealth personnel
dc.subject.keywordSARS-CoV-2 infection
dc.subject.keywordRespiratory protection devices
dc.titleFactores asociados con el número de eventos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores de la salud: estudio transversal sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en Bogotá Cundinamarca y Boyacá , Colombia, durante la pandemia por COVID-19
dc.typemasterThesis
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaPre-print
local.department.reportEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
local.regionesBogotá
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Maestría en Salud Pública