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Prescription for COVID-19 by non-medical professionals during the pandemic in Colombia: a cross-sectional study

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dc.creatorNino-Orrego, Maria Jose
dc.creatorBaracaldo-Santamaría, Daniela
dc.creatorPatricia Ortiz, Claudia
dc.creatorZuluaga, Heyde Patricia
dc.creatorCruz-Becerra, Sthefany Alejandra
dc.creatorSoler, Franklin
dc.creatorPérez-Acosta, Andrés M.
dc.creatorDelgado, Daniel Ricardo
dc.creatorCalderon-Ospina, Carlos-Alberto
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-10T20:28:06Z
dc.date.available2025-11-10T20:28:06Z
dc.date.created2022-02-07
dc.date.issued2022-05-03
dc.descriptionLa pandemia de COVID-19 generó un aumento en la automedicación, promovida en parte por la desinformación difundida durante la crisis sanitaria. En Colombia, diversas farmacias recomendaron medicamentos como ivermectina, azitromicina e hidroxicloroquina, fármacos sin eficacia comprobada para prevenir o tratar el COVID-19 y que pueden causar reacciones adversas (RAM), interacciones medicamentosas (IM), enmascaramiento de enfermedades y resistencia antimicrobiana. El estudio, de tipo observacional y transversal, utilizó la técnica de compra simulada (mystery shopping) en 482 establecimientos farmacéuticos de 16 departamentos de Colombia, mediante llamadas telefónicas que simulaban consultas de pacientes con síntomas de COVID-19. Los resultados mostraron que el 57,3% de los establecimientos recomendó algún producto para tratar la infección; los más sugeridos fueron azitromicina, ivermectina, acetaminofén, ibuprofeno y aspirina. En el 85,5% de los casos se indicó la dosis, pero solo el 14,5% informó sobre efectos adversos y el 9,4% mencionó posibles interacciones con alimentos, bebidas o suplementos. En conclusión, las farmacias en Colombia contribuyeron significativamente a la automedicación durante la pandemia, una práctica inadecuada dada la ausencia de tratamientos específicos para las formas leves de la enfermedad.
dc.description.abstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the behavior of self-medication (SM). Given the massive release of misleading information during the pandemic, some pharmacies recommend drugs such as ivermectin, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine that are not useful for preventing or treating COVID-19 and could expose patients to unnecessary adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug-drug interactions (DDIs), disease masking, and antibiotic resistance. Rationale: SM with drugs advertised for COVID-19 can have consequences, and people should be aware of approved uses, potential contraindications, and ADRs. Thus, the aim of this study was to know the drug therapies including natural products and homeopathic drugs offered by Colombian pharmaceutical establishments for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, as well as the information provided on the safe use of the product. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional mystery shopping study was carried out to determine the pharmaceutical alternatives for the management of COVID-19 offered by pharmaceutical establishments (drugstores, pharmacies, homeopathic pharmacies, and nutritional supplements stores) in Colombia, and information related to the safe use of the product. The study included 482 pharmaceutical establishments from 16 Colombian departments. Data collection was done through telephone calls to each of the establishments following an interview protocol pretending to be a patient who presents symptoms related to COVID-19. Results: About 57.3% (276) of the establishments recommended a product for the treatment of COVID-19 infection, 66.6% (321) asked whether the caller had COVID-19 symptoms and what they are, and 44.2% (213) suggested taking a COVID-19 test. Of 59 drugs suggested by pharmacies, the most recommended were azithromycin, ivermectin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and ASA (aspirin). From the establishments that recommended a product, dosage was indicated in 85.5% (236) of the pharmaceutical establishments and 14.5% (40) of the establishments reported the most common adverse effects of this substance. About 9.4% (26) of the establishments reported possible interactions of the recommended drugs and substances with food, beverages, or supplements. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical establishments in Colombia seem to have significantly contributed to self-medication for COVID-19 in Colombia during the pandemic. This behavior is inappropriate, since the mild forms of the disease do not have a specific treatment.
dc.format.extent12 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1177/204209862211019
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/46899
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto completo)spa
dc.rights.licenciaEL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/*
dc.source.bibliographicCitationWorld Health Organization. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, 2020, https://www.who.Int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it (accessed 16 November 2021).
dc.source.bibliographicCitationWorld Health Organization. Archived: WHO timeline – COVID-19, 2020, https://www.who.int/ news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline—covid-19
dc.source.bibliographicCitationEflein J. Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic – Statistics & Facts. Statista, 2021, https://www.statista.com/topics/5994/thecoronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/
dc.source.bibliographicCitationAdeloye D, Elneima O, Daines L, et al. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19: an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease. Lancet Resp Med 2021; 9: P1467–P1478.
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosariospa
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURspa
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectAutomedicación
dc.subjectFarmacias
dc.subjectIvermectina
dc.subjectAzitromicina
dc.subjectColombia
dc.subjectReacciones adversas
dc.subjectInteracciones medicamentosas
dc.subjectPandemia
dc.subjectUso racional de medicamentos
dc.subject.keywordColombia
dc.subject.keywordCOVID-19
dc.subject.keywordMedical prescriptions
dc.subject.keywordPharmacies
dc.subject.keywordSelf-medication
dc.titlePrescription for COVID-19 by non-medical professionals during the pandemic in Colombia: a cross-sectional study
dc.typejournalArticle
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.spaArtículo
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