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El aumento de temperatura puede favorecer la llegada de plagas de cultivos a los ecosistemas de alta montaña. Caracterización molecular y evaluación del efecto de la temperatura en el desarrollo de Mythimna unipuncta del Páramo Matarredonda

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dc.contributor.advisorSalazar Clavijo, Camilo Andrés
dc.contributor.advisorLasso, Eloisa
dc.contributor.gruplacGenética Evolutiva, Filogeografía y Ecología de Biodiversidad Neotropical
dc.creatorTorres Quintero, Paula Alexandra
dc.creator.degreeMagíster en Ciencias Naturales
dc.creator.degreeLevelMaestríaspa
dc.creator.degreetypeFull time
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-30T12:26:47Z
dc.date.available2023-08-30T12:26:47Z
dc.date.created2023-06-19
dc.date.embargoEndinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2025-08-31
dc.descriptionLos páramos son ecosistemas tropicales de alta montaña que se encuentran distribuidos por la zona andina ecuatorial. Dichos ecosistemas son depósitos críticos de agua para las ciudades vecinas, reservas cruciales de carbono e importantes focos de biodiversidad. A pesar de su importancia, actualmente estos están amenazados por factores como el cambio climático y la pérdida de vegetación nativa a causa de especies invasoras. Observaciones recientes sobre las poblaciones de la especie nativa Paepalanthus columbiensis en el páramo de Matarredonda en Colombia, indican que una polilla desconocida se está alimentando fuertemente de estas plantas. En esta investigación, se utilizaron códigos de barras moleculares (amplificación COI) y se identificó que los insectos larvales que atacan estas plantas corresponden a la especie Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), la cual se ha descrito anteriormente como una plaga mundial de cultivos con gran capacidad de dispersión que no sobrevive a temperaturas inferiores a 15°C. Dada su biología es probable que sea una plaga cuyos patrones de dispersión se vean afectados por el aumento de la temperatura ambiental debido al cambio climático. Para explorar más a fondo esta posibilidad, se realizó un análisis filogeográfico del gen mitocondrial COI de 36 especies del género Mythimna junto con el estudio del efecto de la temperatura en el desarrollo de larvas y la tasa de supervivencia bajo tres tratamientos: 30°C día/ 20°C noche, 25°C día/15°C noche y 20°C día/10°C noche. Se encontró que la temperatura de desarrollo óptima de la especie es 25°C y que los individuos de Matarredonda se encuentran genéticamente diferenciados de los individuos de la misma especie de otras localidades, se logró estimar un evento de expansión reciente en la población de Matarredonda (hace aproximadamente 44,000 años) de un único haplotipo que posiblemente proviene de América del Norte. Estos resultados pueden indicar que la llegada y dispersión de larvas de Mythimna en el páramo podría ser consecuencia del aumento de temperatura provocado por el cambio climático. Serán necesarios futuros estudios para dilucidar el impacto de esta plaga sobre la vegetación del páramo y los servicios ecosistémicos que proporcionan.
dc.description.abstractParamos are high mountain ecosystems distributed throughout the equatorial Andean region. These ecosystems are critical water sources for neighboring cities, crucial carbon reservoirs, and important centers of biodiversity. Despite their significance, they are currently threatened by factors such as climate change and the loss of native vegetation due to invasive species. Recent observations on the populations of the native species Paepalanthus columbiensis in the Matarredonda paramo in Colombia indicate that an unknown moth is heavily feeding on these plants. In this research, molecular barcoding (COI amplification) was used, and it was identified that the larval insects attacking these plants belong to the species Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which has previously been described as a worldwide crop pest with a great dispersal capacity that cannot survive temperatures below 15°C. Given its biology, it is likely that it is a pest whose dispersal patterns are affected by the increase in ambient temperature due to climate change. To further explore this possibility, a phylogeographic analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene of 36 species of the genus Mythimna was conducted, and the effect of temperature on larval development and survival rate was studied under three temperature treatments: 30°C day/20°C night, 25°C day/15°C night, and 20°C day/10°C night. It was found that the optimal developmental temperature for the species is 25°C day/15°C night, which is above to today’s Paramo´s temperature. Furthermore, we found that individuals from Matarredonda are genetically differentiated from individuals of the same species from other locations, which correspond to the recent expansion of a single haplotype possibly originating from North America which occurred approximately 44,000 years ago. These results may indicate that the arrival and dispersal of Mythimna in the paramo could be a consequence of the temperature increase caused by climate change. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the impact of this pest on paramo vegetation and the ecosystem services they provide.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundación CEIBA
dc.description.sponsorshipFondo de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Rosario concursable del VI Encuentro Interdisciplinario de Semilleros de Investigación
dc.format.extent62 pp
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_40829
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/40829
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.departmentFacultad de Ciencias Naturales
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Naturales
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accesRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.accesoAbierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
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dc.source.instnameinstname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
dc.subjectPáramo
dc.subjectMythimna unipuncta
dc.subjectPlaga de cultivos
dc.subjectTemperatura
dc.subject.keywordHigh Mountain Ecosystem
dc.subject.keywordMythimna unipuncta
dc.subject.keywordCrop Pests
dc.subject.keywordTemperature
dc.titleEl aumento de temperatura puede favorecer la llegada de plagas de cultivos a los ecosistemas de alta montaña. Caracterización molecular y evaluación del efecto de la temperatura en el desarrollo de Mythimna unipuncta del Páramo Matarredonda
dc.title.TranslatedTitleRising Temperature Can Promote the Arrival of Crop Pests in High Mountain Ecosystems. Molecular Characterization and Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on the Development of Mythimna unipuncta from the Matarredonda Páramo.
dc.typemasterThesis
dc.type.documentTesis
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.spaTesis
local.department.reportEscuela de Ciencias e Ingeniería
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