Alianza EFI
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La Alianza EFI -Economía Formal e Inclusiva- es un ecosistema científico en el que convergen la academia y el sector productivo para generar diagnósticos, diseñar y evaluar políticas que impulsen la inclusión de los agentes económicos en la formalidad, entendiendo y mejorando su productividad.
La Alianza EFI está conformada por 7 Instituciones de Educación Superior, 7 representantes del sector productivo y cuenta con la participación y acompañamiento de investigadores de 5 instituciones de renombre internacional (University of Oxford, University of Pennsylvania, Paris School of Economics, University of Milano-Bicocca, y University of Illinois at Chicago).
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Examinando Alianza EFI por Autor "Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson Arley"
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- ÍtemAcceso Abierto
Announcement of the First Metro Line and its Impact on Housing Prices in Bogotá(2022-06-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson Arley; Gallego Acevedo, Juan Miguel; Urrutia, María AlejandraTransport infrastructure investment not only impacts mobility but may also significantly affect the capitalisation of the areas surrounding these infrastructure projects, even before the projects are completed. This paper analyses the impact that the announcement of the First Metro Line has on housing prices in the city of Bogotá. It combines innovative databases, web scraping and Google Maps with administrative records—such as the Colombian Institute of Urban Development (IDU) databases—to assess how the announcement of the metro station construction impacts the rental or sales market prices for the houses surrounding the infrastructure projects. The results show that the housing sale prices increased since October 2019, the time when the awarding of the contract for construction of the First Metro Line was announced. The flats and houses on sale located within 1.5 km from the future metro station showed an increase of 10.5 and 6.5% in prices, respectively. - ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDescriptive analysis of the vacancy database(2020-03-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson ArleyGiven the high cost of collecting labour demand for skills information through surveys, the composition and dynamics of Colombian labour demand are relatively unknown. However, information regarding unmet labour demand can be collected from job portals with the implementation of relatively novel data mining techniques. This paper provides a descriptive analysis to start evaluating the data from job portals. Among the main results of my analysis of the vacancy database show that 1) job vacancies are concentrated in Bogotá, Antioquia and Bolivar; 2) most of the job positions require a person with at least a high school certificate; 3) most occupations in Colombia correspond to middle- (“Sales demonstrators”) and low-skilled occupations (“Kitchen helpers”); 4) the skills most demanded include “Customer service” (knowledge), “Communication” (knowledge) and “Work in teams” (competence). Thus, the vacancy database provided detailed, real-time and valuable information about the Colombian labour demand that, previously, it was not possible to obtain from other sources (e.g. household surveys). Moreover, these initial results suggest that the vacancy database is consistent, or at least it does not contradict itself or external data, such as regional GDP, population, etc.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEmpleabilidad e informalidad: un análisis del mercado laboral juvenil para 5 países latinoamericanos(2020-10-01) Sepúlveda Rico, Carlos Eduardo; Gallego Acevedo, Juan Miguel; Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson Arley; Sarango Iturralde, Jonathan Alexander; Ropero Santiago, Sergio AlejandroEn el mundo dinámico de hoy, comprender los requisitos laborales y ser capaz de reaccionar rápidamente a las necesidades emergentes de habilidades es clave para abordar el desajuste de habilidades y el éxito de todos los partícipes del mercado laboral. El presente estudio busca responder cuáles son los requerimientos de habilidades y conocimientos demandados para los jóvenes en Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Para este fin, se hace uso principalmente de dos fuentes de información: i) portales web de trabajo; y, ii) diccionario de capacidades proporcionado por la Clasificación Europea de capacidades/competencias, cualificaciones y ocupaciones (ESCO). La contribución a la literatura económica de este análisis es bidireccional, por un lado, un aporte metodológico a través de la proporción de un detalle sistemático para la construcción de una base de datos unificada de la demanda laboral y, por otro lado, un aporte empírico para la identificación de habilidades y conocimientos para la población joven. Entre los principales resultados del estudio se puede mencionar que: i) la demanda de conocimientos transversales y de conocimientos específicos de la ocupación son independientes de la demanda de otras categorías de conocimientos y habilidades; ii) en la región, en promedio, el 11.9% de las habilidades y conocimientos demandados por los empleadores son concebidas como esenciales por ESCO; iv) incrementos en la demanda de conocimientos transectoriales y específicos de la ocupación aumentan la probabilidad de que una vacante sea, potencialmente, para una persona joven; y v) un incremento en el número de habilidades (transversales, transectoriales, específicas del sector y específicas de la ocupación) demandadas disminuye la probabilidad de que una vacante sea dirigida a una persona joven.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoExtracting value from job vacancy information(2020-03-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson ArleyThis paper presents a comprehensive methodology to collect and standardise vacancy information systematically from job portals. Describes available information in Colombian job portals. Describes the methodology (web scraping) and challenges to automatically and rapidly collect a massive number of online job vacancies. Also explains the methods that can be used to homogenise variables, and explains challenges involved in standardising two of the most relevant variables for the economic analysis of the labour market: skills and occupations. This paper develops a method to automatically identify skills patterns in job vacancy descriptions based on international skill descriptors and text mining. In addition, it conducts a novel mixedmethod approach (software classifiers and machine learning algorithms) to properly classify job titles into occupations. Furthermore, it deals with duplication and missing value issues, by using predictors such as occupation, city, and experience requirements.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoInformation Problem in Labour Market and Big Data: Colombian Case(2020-01-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson ArleyThis working paper discusses the concepts and theoretical framework to analyse the labour market, based on the information found on online job portals. Based on a model with imperfect information (which seems more appropriate to describe Colombian labour market outcomes), the first section explains how skill mismatches can arise and their consequences for informality and unemployment rates. In second section, presents evidence that skill shortages, unemployment and informality are highly occurring phenomena in Colombia; and, it is argued that workers, educational and training providers and the government can do little to address these issues because of a lack of proper information to monitor and identify employers’ requirements and possible skill shortages at an occupational level. In section 3 the concept of Big Data is introduced, with its advantages and limitations outlined for labour market analysis, this section explains the limitations and caveats to be considered when online vacancy data are used for economic analysis.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoInternal and external validity of the vacancy database(2020-04-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson ArleyThis paper provides an evaluation of the internal and external consistency of the vacancy information. The consistency of the variables within the vacancy database or internal validity shows that the contradictory or inconsistent results that occurred in the Colombian vacancy database were minor, and the magnitude of these measurement errors are insufficient to bias the educational, occupational, sectorial, skills and wage analyses. The results of data representativeness or external validity were: 1) the vacancy database is not representative for a significant part of agricultural, government and armed force occupations; 2) particular caution should be taken when analysing occupations with high turnover rates as this issue might cause an overrepresentation of specific occupational groups; and, 3) self-employed individuals and informal occupations are not represented in the vacancy database. This evidence suggests that the vacancy database better represents the formal and urban Colombian labour market. Finally, the job portal information captures and expresses the Colombian economic seasons.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPossible uses of labour demand and supply information to reduce skill mismatches(2020-01-01) Cárdenas Rubio, Jeisson ArleyUnemployment and informality are widespread phenomena in the Colombian economy that affect people with different profiles. This working paper discusses how the vacancy database can be used to build a detection system of skill shortages. Also, it elaborates on, for the first time in Colombia, a set of macro indicators within the vacancy database’s labour demand and supply information for the identification of possible skill shortages. Finally, it illustrates how detailed information from vacancies (job descriptions) can be used to update occupational classifications (ISCO) and the labour force skills according to employers’ requirements. The results suggest low-skilled occupations tend to show more signs of oversupply: a considerably higher informality rate compared to other skill groups. On the other hand, the first quarter of the year for each occupation is characterised by higher unemployment rates and lower vacancy rates. The skill mismatch indicators for Colombia demonstrate that 30 occupations are currently in short supply. Therefore, the evidence suggests that formal labour market opportunities exist for people with different profiles in terms of age, education and work experience, amongst others. Based on these results, policymakers and education and training providers can promote and update policy/curriculums quickly, according to the current occupational labour demand structure and specific skills required, and the job seekers can receive relevant information regarding occupation shortages, and in this way, unemployed and informal people can make better and informed decisions about their training and job search.
