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Calidad de vida laboral en fisioterapeutas: explorando la evidencia desde una Scoping Review
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Autores
Rodríguez González, Alejandra
Fecha
2025-12-12
Directores
Espinosa Méndez, Juan Carlos
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Universidad del Rosario
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Resumen
Objetivo: Esta scoping review tuvo como objetivo mapear el alcance y tipo de evidencia disponible sobre la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) en fisioterapeutas. Introducción: Aunque los profesionales de la salud enfrentan múltiples demandas físicas, cognitivas y organizacionales, gran parte de la investigación sobre calidad de vida laboral se ha centrado en la enfermería, dejando un vacío de conocimiento respecto a la fisioterapia y otras profesiones del área de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada en Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions y Taylor & Francis en octubre de 2025 de artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en inglés y español. Los estudios fueron seleccionados siguiendo criterios PCC (población–concepto–contexto), y los datos fueron extraídos mediante un formulario estandarizado y sintetizados narrativamente de acuerdo con las directrices del JBI (Johanna Briggs Institute). Los resultados se presentan de manera descriptiva según las características de los estudios, los conceptos, los factores asociados y los instrumentos de medición, sin desviaciones metodológicas importantes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 estudios, principalmente de diseño transversal, realizados en diversos países y contextos clínicos, comunitarios y mixtos. Los tamaños de muestra variaron de pequeños grupos focales a encuestas nacionales, evidenciando heterogeneidad metodológica. La CVL se abordó a través de múltiples constructos, incluyendo satisfacción laboral, burnout, estrés, carga de trabajo, equilibrio vida–trabajo, apoyo organizacional y factores psicosociales. Asimismo, se identificó una amplia variedad de herramientas de medición, como el Job Descriptive Index, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Effort–Reward Imbalance Questionnaire y la validación de escalas específicas como la PTQoWL. Los hallazgos reflejan experiencias laborales diversas influenciadas por contextos nacionales, modalidades de empleo y condiciones organizacionales. Conclusiones: La evidencia disponible es fragmentada y conceptualmente heterogénea, con variabilidad en definiciones, instrumentos y enfoques metodológicos. Determinantes como carga de trabajo, autonomía, reconocimiento y burnout emergen consistentemente. Se destaca la necesidad de investigaciones más unificadas conceptualmente, herramientas específicas validadas y estudios que exploren tendencias longitudinales. Estos hallazgos pueden orientar futuras intervenciones y políticas destinadas a mejorar el bienestar y desempeño profesional de los fisioterapeutas.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to work related quality of life (WRQoL) in physiotherapists. Introduction: Existing evidence indicates that healthcare professionals face a range of physical, cognitive, and organizational demands in their work. However, the majority of research on work-related quality of life has been concentrated in nursing, leaving other professions—such as physiotherapy—less explored. Inclusion criteria: This review included studies involving physiotherapists working in any professional role or setting, focusing on the work-related quality of life, including related constructs such as job satisfaction, burnout, stress, wellbeing, working conditions, or organizational factors. Studies not involving physiotherapists, not addressing work-related quality of life or related concepts, or focusing exclusively on students, trainees, or non-healthcare populations were excluded. Methods: A structured search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions, and Taylor & Francis in October 2025, articles published from 2015 to 2025 and a language limit to English and Spanish were considered. The screening of the studies was using PCC criteria, (population-concept-context) and data extraction developed with a standardized form, and synthesized findings narratively following JBI (Johanna Briggs Institute) scoping review guidance. Results are presented descriptively by study characteristics, concepts, associated factors, and measurement instruments, with no major methodological deviations. Results: The review included 20 studies, predominantly cross-sectional surveys, originating from diverse countries and clinical, community, and mixed work settings. Sample sizes ranged widely—from small targeted groups to large national surveys—reflecting substantial heterogeneity in study scope. Across the evidence work-related quality of life was explored through multiple constructs, including job satisfaction, burnout, stress, workload, organizational demands, work–life balance, and psychosocial factors. Measurement approaches also varied, with tools such as the Job Descriptive Index, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Effort–Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and physiotherapy-specific instruments like the PTQoWL scale. Overall, the evidence highlights diverse occupational experiences shaped by country-level systems, employment modalities, and workplace conditions. Conclusions: Overall, the findings show that work-related quality of life among physiotherapists is addressed through a fragmented and conceptually diverse body of evidence, with notable variability in definitions, measurement instruments, and contextual factors. While key determinants such as workload, autonomy, recognition, organizational support, and burnout consistently emerged, the literature remains uneven across regions and heavily reliant on cross-sectional self-report designs. These results underscore the need for more conceptually unified research, validated profession-specific tools, and studies that examine broader contexts and longitudinal trends. Future work may support the development of interventions to improve physiotherapists’ wellbeing and performance and inform organizational and policy-level strategies.
Palabras clave
Intención de dejar el trabajo , Demandas laborales , Estrés moral , Resiliencia , Entorno laboral
Keywords
Intention to leave , Job demands , Moral distress , Resilience , Work environment
