Ítem
Acceso Abierto
Efectos asociados al teletrabajo
Título de la revista
Autores
Enciso Benavides, Daniela
Fecha
2025-12-12
Directores
González Rodríguez, Javier Leonardo
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad del Rosario
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Resumen
El teletrabajo se ha consolidado en los últimos años como una modalidad laboral cada vez más frecuente, impulsada por los grandes avances tecnológicos y la crisis sanitaria del año 2020 llamada COVID-19. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto del trabajo la productividad y en la salud de los trabajadores especialmente en la salud física y salud mental, con el fin de identificar beneficios, riesgos y posibles estrategias de mejora en la implementación de la metodología. Para ello, se ejecutó una revisión de alcance en 2 bases distintas de datos académicas (Scopus y JSTOR), siguiendo las directrices PRISMA y utilizando la herramienta Ryan para la selección y cribado de artículos. Los hallazgos reflejaron que, en términos de productividad, el teletrabajo puede ser idóneo gracias a la autonomía, la agilización de los desplazamientos y la versatilidad, siempre que exista un manejo eficaz. Sin embargo, se asemejaron amenazas eminentes para la salud, como trastornos musculoesqueléticos por ergonomía deficiente, fatiga visual, sedentarismo, malos hábitos alimenticios y afectaciones en la salud mental vinculadas a la sobrecarga laboral, el aislamiento social y la falta de desconexión digital. Estos componentes, aunque no acarrea una derogación inminente del rendimiento, pueden impactar negativamente el bienestar y la productividad en el largo plazo. En resumen, esta nueva modalidad de trabajo representa una ventaja para optimizar el rendimiento y el entorno laboral saludable, siempre que se acompañe de lineamientos responsables, de iniciativas de acompañamiento a la salud mental, y modelos híbridos que equilibren flexibilidad.
Abstract
Over the past five years, remote work has gained significant importance due to its growing adoption in different sectors and countries. This model has changed the way companies operate and manage their workforce, driven by technological progress and, more recently, by the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Its implementation has generated intense debate about its benefits and challenges, particularly in relation to productivity, operating costs, and employee well-being. Given its impact on work and organizational dynamics, it is essential to analyze its implications and long-term viability. This study focuses on the relationship between remote work and business management, with particular emphasis on its impact on employee productivity and health. Key aspects will be addressed, such as employee performance in remote environments, the factors that can enhance or limit organizational efficiency, and the consequences of teleworking on physical and mental well-being. The costs and benefits of this modality for companies will also be analyzed, providing a comprehensive view of its effects on business management. The analysis of this topic is relevant because remote work has gone from being an exceptional measure to becoming a standard practice in many organizations. While it has allowed companies to reduce costs and improve work flexibility, it has also posed challenges in terms of supervision, team cohesion, and employee adaptation to new work dynamics. Evaluating these factors will allow us to better understand its implications and design strategies to optimize its implementation. This study poses the following research question: Given the current trend in post-pandemic work arrangements and the rise of technology, does teleworking increase or at least maintain pre-pandemic productivity? However, assuming that productivity is not negatively impacted, can the same be said about quality of work life from an occupational health perspective? To address these research questions, the following objectives are proposed. The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of remote work on productivity and on the health and quality of life of telecommuting workers, in order to propose alternatives for improving remote work. This analysis is expected to provide valuable information that will help companies more effectively manage this work model and mitigate any potential negative effects it may have on employees. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the understanding of remote work as a phenomenon that impacts both business management and the individual experience of workers. By integrating different approaches to productivity, health, and quality of life in teleworking, it seeks to enrich the existing literature and provide a basis for future research on the evolution of this modality in the organizational context.
Palabras clave
Teletrabajo , Productividad , Salud mental , Salud física
Keywords
Teleworking , Menthal health , Physical health , Productivity
