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A systematic review of the Trypanosoma cruzi genetic heterogeneity, host immune response and genetic factors as plausible drivers of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy
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Autores
Jiménez P.
Jaimes J.
Poveda C.
Ramírez, Juan David
Fecha
2019
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Cambridge University Press
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Abstract
Chagas disease is a complex tropical pathology caused by the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite displays massive genetic diversity and has been classified by international consensus in at least six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) that are broadly distributed in the American continent. The main clinical manifestation of the disease is the chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) that is lethal in the infected individuals. However, one intriguing feature is that only 30-40% of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Some authors have suggested that the immune response, host genetic factors, virulence factors and even the massive genetic heterogeneity of T. cruzi are responsible of this clinical pattern. To date, no conclusive data support the reason why a few percentages of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Therefore, we decided to conduct a systematic review analysing the host genetic factors, immune response, cytokine production, virulence factors and the plausible association of the parasite DTUs and CCC. The epidemiological and clinical implications are herein discussed. © Cambridge University Press 2018.
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Keywords
Cytokine , innate , Host factor , Virulence factor , Cytokine , Virulence factor , Adaptive immunity , Chagas disease , Chronic disease , Cytokine production , Genetic heterogeneity , Genetic variability , Heredity , Human , Immune response , Metabolomics , Molecular epidemiology , Nonhuman , Pathophysiology , Priority journal , Review , Systematic review , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cardiomyopathy , Chagas disease , Genetics , Host parasite interaction , Immunology , Innate immunity , Parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cardiomyopathies , Chagas disease , Cytokines , Genetic heterogeneity , Host-parasite interactions , Humans , Immunity , Trypanosoma cruzi , Virulence factors , Chagas disease , Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy , Dtus , Genetic factors , Trypanosoma cruzi , Virulence
