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Guillain-Barré syndrome: causes, immunopathogenic mechanisms and treatment
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Jasti, Anil K
Selmi, Carlo
Sarmiento-Monroy, Juan C
Vega, Daniel A
Anaya, Juan-Manuel
Gershwin, M Eric
Fecha
2016
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Taylor and Francis Ltd
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Abstract
Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disease representing the most frequent cause of acute flaccid symmetrical weakness of the limbs and areflexia usually reaching its peak within a month. The etiology and pathogenesis remain largely enigmatic and the syndrome results in death or severe disability in 9–17% of cases despite immunotherapy. Areas covered: In terms of etiology, Guillain-Barré syndrome is linked to Campylobacter infection but less than 0.1% of infections result in the syndrome. In terms of pathogenesis, activated macrophages and T cells and serum antibodies against gangliosides are observed but their significance is unclear. Expert commentary: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a heterogeneous condition with numerous subtypes and recent data point towards the role of ganglioside epitopes by immunohistochemical methods. Ultimately, the syndrome results from a permissive genetic background on which environmental factors, including infections, vaccination and the influence of aging, lead to disease. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor and Francis Group.
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Keywords
Epitope , Ganglioside antibody , Autoantibody , Ganglioside , Aging , Antibody blood level , Campylobacteriosis , Clinical feature , Differential diagnosis , Environmental factor , Guillain barre syndrome , Human , Immunohistochemistry , Immunopathogenesis , Macrophage activation , Nonhuman , Review , T lymphocyte , Campylobacter jejuni , Campylobacteriosis , Cross reaction , Genotype environment interaction , Guillain barre syndrome , Immunology , Immunotherapy , Metabolism , Procedures , Aging , Autoantibodies , Campylobacter infections , Campylobacter jejuni , Cross reactions , Gangliosides , Gene-environment interaction , Guillain-barre syndrome , Humans , Immunotherapy , Autoimmune neuropathy , Guillain-barré , Immune tolerance , Infection and immunity , Molecular mimicry
